Research Publications (Food Safety)

Current reports increasingly associate dietary “advanced glycation end products” (“AGEs”) resulting from the Maillard reaction (glycation) between reducing sugars and amino compounds in foods with pathophysiological consequences, such as chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, and metabolic syndrome. Heated foods are therefore suggested to pose a potential risk for human health.

The incidence of foodborne parasites has increased considerably in the last few decades as a result of rapid globalization and changes in eating habits. Foodborne parasites are a highly diverse group, with variable biology and transmission pathways, and they tend not to produce symptoms immediately after infection.

Patulin (PAT) is the most common food-borne mycotoxin found in fruits and fruit-derived products, while chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide on fruit and other crops. On the basis of the residue data, certain types of fruits can be contaminated simultaneously by patulin and chlorpyrifos. However, there are no available data about the combined toxicity.

Fecal microorganisms can enter water bodies in diverse ways, including runoff, sewage discharge, and direct fecal deposition. Once in water, the microorganisms experience conditions that are very different from intestinal habitats. The transition from host to aquatic environment may lead to rapid inactivation, some degree of persistence, or growth. Microorganisms may remain planktonic, be deposited in sediment, wash up on beaches, or attach to aquatic vegetation.

Author(s): Pan Wu, Yuqiao Hu, Yanling Wang, Yuan Wu, Ning Li, Yuying Dong, Ying Zhang

Author(s): Runze Huang, Haiqiang Chen

Author(s): Hema Bhardwaj, Gajjala Sumana, Christophe A. Marquette

Author(s): Chuan-Guo Ma, Ying-Dan Wang, Wei-Feng Huang, Jun Liu, Xiao-Wei Chen

Author(s): Wei Wang, Zhilong Yu, Fouad K. Alsammarraie, Fanbin Kong, Mengshi Lin, Azlin Mustapha

Author(s): Xiaoxia Dong, Fan Yang, Shuping Yang, Changzhou Yan

Author(s): Yang Liu, Jun Ji, Wei Zhang, Yao Suo, Jiating Zhao, Xiaoying Lin, Liwei Cui, Bai Li, Huaiqiang Hu, Chunying Chen, Yu-Feng Li

Abstract

Introduction

Selenium plays important roles in antagonizing the toxicity of methylmercury. The underlying mechanism for the antagonism between Se and MeHg is still not fully understood.

Author(s): Chevise L. Thomas, Harshavardhan Thippareddi, Macc Rigdon, Sanjay Kumar, Robert W. McKee, William M. Sims, Alexander M. Stelzleni

Author(s): Álvaro T. Lemos, Ana C. Ribeiro, Ivonne Delgadillo, Jorge A. Saraiva

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Tm) is a major intracellular pathogen that infects humans and animals, and its survival and growth in macrophages is essential for its pathogenicity. More than 50 putative regulatory proteins are encoded by the S. Tm genome, but the functions of these regulatory proteins in mediating S. Tm pathogenicity are largely unknown.

Doctor fish (Garra rufa, Heckel, 1843) are increasingly used for cosmetic treatment raising particular concerns regarding the potential transmission of infections to clients.

BACKGROUND Several diseases and insects may cause potential damage to the normal growth of cucumber. Azoxystrobin and meptyldinocap are effective against pathogens which have developed reduced sensitivity to other fungicides because of their novel mode of action. Azoxystrobin is persistent in various crops and environment. However, there is a lack of research on dissipation of these two pesticides, especially meptyldinocap.

A fully automated high-throughput method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of more than 100 veterinary drugs in chicken and beef tissue. The work also encompassed a comparison of the SPME method to two well-documented sample preparation procedures, solvent extraction (SE) and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS).

Dairy manure, a by-product in the dairy industry, is also a potential source of nutrients for crops. However, improper application of biological soil amendments of animal origin can be a source of contamination with enteric foodborne pathogens. A 2-year field study was conducted to evaluate impacts of dairy manure fertilizer application on the microbial safety of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L) production.

The manifestation of aflatoxins in feed and food is a major issue in the world as its presence leads to some health problems. This study investigates the incidence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in raw milk samples which were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. The Cluster Random Sampling technique was used to collect 960 milk samples from five different regions, and samples were collected every month. The AFM1 level in raw milk was analyzed by the ELISA technique.

by Lucy L. Furfaro, Barbara J. Chang, Charlene M. Kahler, Matthew S. Payne

by João L. Reis-Cunha, Daniella C. Bartholomeu, Abigail L. Manson, Ashlee M. Earl, Gustavo C. Cerqueira

Background

Author(s): Sunjung M. Chung, Rosalee S. Hellberg

Ultrasound is an emerging decontamination technology with potential use in the global food processing industry. In the present study, we explored power ultrasound for processing aqueous aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). AFB1 was degraded by 85.1% after 80 min of ultrasound exposure. The reaction products of AFB1 were identified and their molecular formulae elucidated by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography Q-Orbitrap mass spectrometry.

The larvae of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L., BSFL) have received increased industrial interest as a novel protein source for food and feed. Previous research has found that insects, including BSFL, are capable of metabolically converting aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), but recovery of total AFB1 is less than 20% when accounting for its conversion to most known metabolites.