Research Publications (Food Safety)

Growing evidence has indicated the association of clinical antibiotic use with abnormal blood lipid levels; however, no epidemiological study has examined the relationship of antibiotic exposure, probably derived from food chains, with blood lipid levels. This study investigated the relationships of urinary antibiotic levels with blood lipid levels and dyslipidemias in the older population.

Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) reside in a highly anaerobic environment that is subject to daily fluctuations in partial oxygen pressure (pO2), depending on intestinal tissue perfusion.

Fungal toxins can have various adverse health effects, including carcinogenic, teratogenic or hepatotoxic impacts. In addition, fungal alteration has also a negative impact on agricultural plant production. The use of chemical fungicides to control mycotoxin contamination is increasingly controversial and regulated. More environmentally friendly methods are therefore being explored.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin widely detected in cereal products contaminated by Fusarium. Fusarium pseudograminearum megabirnavirus 1 (FpgMBV1) is a double-stranded RNA virus infecting Fusarium pseudograminearum. In this study, it was revealed that the amount of DON in F. pseudograminearum was significantly suppressed by FpgMBV1 through a high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) assay.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a food contaminant metabolized mostly in the liver and leading to hepatic damage. Livestock species are differently susceptible to AFB1, but the underlying mechanisms of toxicity have not yet been fully investigated, especially in ruminants. Thus, the aim of the present study was to better characterize the molecular mechanism by which AFB1 exerts hepatotoxicity in cattle.

Staphylococcus aureus causes a wide range of life-threatening infections. In this study, we determined its prevalence in the hospital environment and investigated nasal carriage among healthcare workers and patients admitted to a hospital in western Algeria. A total of 550 specimens were collected. An antibiogram was performed and the genes encoding resistance to methicillin, inducible clindamycin and toxins were sought among the 92 S. aureus isolates.

The most prevalent microorganism in diabetic foot infections (DFI) is Staphylococcus aureus, an important multidrug-resistant pathogen. The antimicrobial peptide nisin is a promising compound for DFI treatment, being effective against S. aureus.

There is a growing risk of antibiotic resistance (AR) in smallholder poultry (SP). This study, therefore, aimed to investigate AR pattern of bacterial isolates from SP in the Guinea Savanna agro-ecological zone of Nigeria. A total of 120 fresh poultry droppings were aseptically collected, randomly, from two tropically adapted (FUNAAB Alpha and Noiler) and local chickens. The chickens were raised either using ethnoveterinary medicines (n = 60) or antibiotics (n = 60).

mSystems, Ahead of Print. Little is unknown about the regulatory mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of osteomyelitis induced by Staphylococcus aureus. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) were both upregulated in S. aureus-infected MC3T3-E1 cells and osteomyelitis patients. HIF-1α directly targets the hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) of TGF-β1 mRNA to induce its expression.

mBio, Ahead of Print. Staphylococcus aureus, a major pathogen of community-acquired and nosocomial-associated infections, forms biofilms consisting of extracellular matrix-embedded cell aggregates. S. aureus biofilm formation on implanted medical devices can cause local and systemic infections due to the dispersion of cells from the biofilms.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Ahead of Print. Lignin is an aromatic plant cell wall polymer that facilitates water transport through the vasculature of plants and is generated in large quantities as an inexpensive by-product of pulp and paper manufacturing and biorefineries. Although lignin’s ability to reduce bacterial growth has been reported previously, its hydrophobicity complicates the ability to examine its biological effects on living cells in aqueous growth media.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Volume 69, Issue 4, Page 2209-2218, July 2022. Anthropogenic activities, such as human population expansion and land-use change, create ecological overlap between humans, domesticated animals, and wildlife and can exacerbate the zoonotic transmission of parasites.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Volume 69, Issue 4, Page 1872-1879, July 2022. Noroviruses belong to a genetically diverse group of viruses infecting a wide range of mammalian host species, and those detected in cattle and sheep are classified within genogroup III (GIII).

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Volume 69, Issue 4, Page 1847-1861, July 2022. Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni), is considered among the most common bacterial causes of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. The epidemiology and the transmission dynamics of campylobacteriosis in Egypt remain poorly defined due to the limited use of high-resolution typing methods.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Volume 69, Issue 4, Page e693-e703, July 2022. Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor variants have been the major causative agents of cholera worldwide since their emergence in the 2000s. Cholera remains endemic in some regions in Malaysia. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the genetic characteristics of the V.

Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. Zoonotic salmonellosis can occur either through direct contact with an infected animal or through indirect contact, such as exposure to an infected animal's contaminated environment. Between May and August 2020, a multi-jurisdictional outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium (STm) infection due to zoonotic transmission was investigated in Australia. In total, 38 outbreak cases of STm with a median age of 5 years were reported.

Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. Toxoplasmosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii affects both conservation and public health efforts. In the Taipei Zoo, toxoplasmosis was diagnosed in ring-tailed lemurs and a meerkat in 2019 while a freeze–thaw meat strategy had been applied to carnivores before the event.

Journal of Separation Science, Accepted Article. In this study, a sensitive and accurate immunoaffinity columns coupled with high performance liquid chromatography method was established to monitor the presence of aflatoxins—aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin B2, aflatoxin G1, and aflatoxin G2—in different medicinal herbs. The proposed method was found to be suitable for the detection of aflatoxins in eight kinds of herbs and their corresponding granules.

Zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in Europe. Genotype 3 (HEV-3) is predominant but information on subtype distribution, trends and clinical implications in Germany is scarce. We analysed 936 HEV RNA positive samples of human origin and corresponding national surveillance data from 2010 to 2019. Samples were referred to the National Consultant Laboratory and sequenced in at least one of four genomic regions.

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has attracted much attention because of its high sensitivity, high speed, and simple sample processing, and has great potential for application in the field of pesticide residue detection.

Gene regulation is a key process for all microorganisms, as it allows them to adapt to different environmental stimuli. However, despite the relevance of gene expression control, for only a handful of organisms is there related information about genome regulation. In this work, we inferred the gene regulatory networks (GRNs) of bacterial and archaeal genomes by comparisons with six organisms with well-known regulatory interactions.

Peganum harmala L. is a perennial herb of the Tribulus family and its aerial parts and seeds can be used as medicine in the traditional medicine of China. However, the differences in chemical components and antibacterial activity between different parts have not been reported. In this study, the chemical composition of the different parts of P.

Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are described as detrimental factors to sow and boar fertility. In comparison, literature reports on the impact of modified forms of DON and ZEN, such as de-epoxy-DON (DOM-1) and hydrolyzed ZEN (HZEN), on swine reproduction are scarce. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of DON, DOM-1, ZEN and HZEN on boar semen in vitro.

Fusarium graminearum sensu stricto is, worldwide, the main causal agent of Fusarium head blight in small cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and oat. The pathogen causes not only reductions in yield and grain quality but also contamination with type-B trichothecenes such as deoxynivalenol.

The harmful microalgae Gymnodinium catenatum is a unique naked dinoflagellate that produces paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSTs). This species is common along the coasts of the Mexican Pacific and is responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning, which has resulted in notable financial losses in both fisheries and aquaculture. In the Gulf of California, G. catenatum has been related to mass mortality events in fish, shrimp, seabirds, and marine mammals.