Research Publications (Food Safety)

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, Accepted Article. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW) and ultrasound (US) combination on the inactivation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in vitro and in fish samples. The bacterial log reductions caused by the US and SAEW treatment for 15 min were 0.99 and 2.63 log CFU/mL in vitro, respectively, while SAEW-US combination achieved a 3.10 log reduction.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, EarlyView. At postharvest, fruits have a short shelf life. Recently, there has been much literature on the effects of melatonin on the postharvest quality of horticultural crops. However, reports of various findings comprise mixed claims and product-specific conclusions. Therefore, a meta-analysis systematically dissects the comprehensive effect on several fruits.

Environmental Microbiology, Accepted Article. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a recently identified post-translational modifications (PTM) that regulates numerous cellular metabolic processes. In pathogenic microorganism, although glycolysis and fungal virulence are regulated by Khib, its potential roles in fungi remains to be elusive.

by Camilla Godlee, Ondrej Cerny, Mei Liu, Samkeliso Blundell, Alanna E. Gallagher, Meriam Shahin, David W. Holden SteD is a transmembrane effector of the Salmonella SPI-2 type III secretion system that inhibits T cell activation by reducing the amounts of at least three proteins–major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII), CD86 and CD97 –from the surface of antigen-presenting cells.

by Jinhua Wang, Feng Zhang, Guangming Luo, Yuchuan Guo, Jianghua Zheng, Shixin Wu, Qalibinur Keram, Suhong Liu, Qingdong Shi The potential impact of natural factors on the runoff of intermittent rivers and ephemeral streams (IRES) has been largely ignored in the Tarim Basin, China. A representative example is the Keriya River.

Studies on marine epizootics are often based on the identification of a single pathogen.

Cronobacter spp. is an opportunistic pathogen that causes severe infections, affecting newborns and infants, and is also an emerging cause of hospital-acquired infection in elderly populations. These infections are mainly associated with the consumption of infant formulas, even though these bacteria have been isolated from other foods as well. Cronobacter spp. invades epithelial cells and escapes the immune response mechanisms, multiplying inside macrophages.

In order to enrich the knowledge of chicken transcriptomic response to Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis infection, 2-day-old chicks were orally inoculated with this bacteria (1.0 × 108 cfu/mL), and then the cecum tissues of 3 days post-inoculation were utilized for RNA sequencing (six replicates each for treatment group and control group). After analysis, we found a variety of inflammatory genes were triggered at the mRNA level upon infection.

Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) is one pathogenic fungus that severely endangers human health and food safety. In our previous work, paeonol, a natural active compound from Paeonia. spp can inhibit the growth of A. flavus, and the mode of action is involved with targeting cell walls and cell membranes.

In CD-1 mice, gestational-only exposure to cadmium (Cd) causes female-specific hepatic insulin resistance, metabolic disruption, and obesity. To evaluate whether sex differences in uptake and changes in essential metal concentrations contribute to metabolic outcomes, placental and liver Cd and essential metal concentrations were quantified in male and female offspring perinatally exposed to 500 ppb CdCl2.

Lead is a nonessential metal and may be a coexposure in welding fumes. Preclinical data indicate lead may affect iron regulation. The current study investigated blood lead concentrations and their association with brain iron accumulation in workers with chronic welding fume exposure, with a focus on iron-rich subcortical regions of the cerebellum and basal ganglia. Occupational exposure, whole blood metal, and brain MRI data were obtained from 29 controls and 42 welders.

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is required for vertebrate development and is also activated by exogenous chemicals, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). AHR activation is well-understood, but roles of downstream molecular signaling events are largely unknown.

Among the forms of idiopathic hyperhidrosis, those involving the forehead have the greatest impact on patients’ quality of life, as symptoms are not very controllable and are difficult to mask for patients. Although the local injection therapy with Incobotulinum toxin type A (IncoBTX-A therapy) can be considered a rational treatment, data from the literature describing both efficacy and safety of the treatment over the long term are poor.

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a type of mycotoxin produced by the fungi Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and is commonly found in cereals, oils and foodstuffs. In order to understand the toxic effects of AFB1 exposure on Porcine alveolar macrophages (3D4/2 cell), the 3D4/2 cells were exposed to 40 μg/mL AFB1 for 24 h in vitro, and several methods were used for analysis.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence, pathogenic potential and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk cheese, traditionally produced by farmers and marketed directly to the consumer in Banat region, Romania. A total of 81.1% (43/53) of the processed samples expressed positive results for E. coli, with a distribution of 83.8% (31/37), and 75.0% (12/16) in the cow- and sheep-milk-origin assortments, respectively.

This work aimed to evaluate the chemical composition of the essential oils (EOs) of two cultivars of Allium sativum and their antibiofilm activity against the food pathogens Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. The crystal violet assay ascertained the susceptibility of the bacterial biofilms, while the MTT assay let to evaluations of the metabolic changes occurring in the bacterial cells within biofilms.

Zoonoses and Public Health, EarlyView. The gastrointestinal tract of poultry is a potential source of Campylobacter jejuni. Here, the prevalence, risk factors, antimicrobial susceptibility profile and genetic relationship of C. jejuni were studied in broilers from farms and meat from live bird markets (LBMs) and super shops (SS). Pooled cloacal samples were obtained from farms in six districts of Bangladesh between June 2019 and March 2020.

by Yanhong Liu, Brian ByongKwon Yoo, Cheng-An Hwang, Mira Rakic Martinez, Atin R. Datta, Pina M. Fratamico Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, a disease associated with high fatality (20–30%) and hospitalization rates (>95%). ATP-Binding Cassette (ABC) transporters have been demonstrated to be involved in the general stress response.

by Priyashi Rao, Dweipayan Goswami, Rakesh M. Rawal Since its origin, the emergence of vector-borne infections has taken a toll on incalculable human lives. The use of chemical insecticides is one of the early known methods of vector control and although their use is still a prevalent way to combat insect population sadly the perils of insects related transmission still persists.

Anthropogenic noise in the marine environment has become a global environmental pollutant that affects the behavior, physiology and immunity of marine animals. However, the resistance of marine animals to pathogens while under the influence of noise is a topic that has received little attention.

Interpretation of IgM anti-Toxoplasma can be problematic given the phenomena of “natural” IgM. We analyzed 1.503 sera obtained during prenatal care program, and we established natural and false-positive results by doing follow-up. In 101 samples the concordance between ELISA assay and two semi-automatized systems (Elecsys and VIDAS) was calculated.

Noncompetitive immunoassays for small molecules are generally considered to be more sensitive than competitive ones. In this study, a phage-peptide against immune complex of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and nanobody Nb28 was obtained by phage-display technology. The phage-peptide was labeled with peroxidase and used to develop a direct noncompetitive magnetic-chemiluminescent enzyme-linked immunoassay (Nc-MCLEIA) for AFB1.

Owing to the high carcinogenicity of aflatoxins, these toxic secondary metabolites pose a severe risk to human and animal health and can have major economic implications. Herein, we report the development of a noncompetitive immunoassay for aflatoxins based on a monoclonal capture antibody and a unique anti-immunocomplex (anti-IC) antibody fragment (scFv) isolated from a synthetic antibody repertoire.

Penicillium nordicum is the main ochratoxin A (OTA) producing mould in dry-cured meat products. The use of autochthonous microorganisms as protective cultures is a promising strategy to control this hazard. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of Debaryomyces hansenii and Staphylococcus xylosus isolated from dry-cured meat products as biocontrol agents (BCAs) against P.

Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus hominis causes bloodstream infections and often can form biofilms on medical devices. This study aimed to improve the current methodology for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) in biofilm-growing S. hominis isolates. Biofilm production of S.