Research Publications (Food Safety)

Objectives: proving causality between an exposure and outcome can be difficult in humans. Here, we utilize the Bradford Hill (BH) criteria to summarize the causal relationship between Campylobacter infection and the development of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Methods: we utilized the BH criteria to assess the strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy of the current evidence linking Campylobacter to IBS.

This present study aims to determine the lowest concentration effects of the assayed different antibiotics; antimicrobial agents alone and their combinations with nisin were investigated to prevent the biofilm formation and break down the biofilm structure of Salmonella.

This work aimed to characterize S. aureus isolates from the eyes of healthy and clinically affected equines in the Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 110 animals were examined for the presence of S. aureus, which was isolated from 33 animals with ophthalmic lesions and 77 healthy animals. We also investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile, oxacillin resistance mechanism, and the major virulence factors implicated in many studies of the ocular pathology of pathogenic S.

In December 2019, four children of the same school were hospitalized due to severe diarrhea, vomiting, and fever, and the mother of one child was diagnosed with hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Escherichia coli O157 NM was isolated from the stool of one child, whereas Campylobacter jejuni isolates were found in feces, raw foods, environmental samples, and tap water.

This study aims to discuss the microbial ecology of the broiler gut environment, Campylobacter prevalence across the broiler production chain with a follow-up focus on a possible mitigation strategy, based on the use of bacteriophages. Scientific literature published from the last two decades was reviewed and data were collected to establish the ranges of Campylobacter loads from different samples.

Listeria monocytogenes remains a significant public health threat, leading to invasive listeriosis with severe manifestations (i.e. septicemia, meningitis, and abortion) and up to 30% of fatal cases. Here, we aimed to investigate genotypic diversity, virulence profiles, antimicrobial resistance patterns from a large and integrated population of L.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, and new approaches are needed to circumvent animal and food-borne resistant pathogens. Among the new strategies, the combination of antibiotics with natural compounds such as essential oils (EOs) could be an alternative to challenge bacterial resistance. The present study evaluates the phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance of 36 Salmonella enterica (16 S. Typhimurium, 3 monophasic variant S. Typhimurium, 8 S. Enteritidis, 6 S.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) belonging to the O26 serogroup represent an important cause of Hemolitic Uremic Syndrome (HUS) in children worldwide. The localization of STEC virulence genes on mobile genetic elements allowed the emergence of clones showing different assets of this accessory genomic fraction.

Although clustering by operational taxonomic units (OTUs) is widely used in the oral microbial literature, no research has specifically evaluated the extent of the limitations of this sequence clustering-based method in the oral microbiome.

Rhubarb, a traditional herb, has been used in clinical practice for hundreds of years to cure constipation, but its mechanism is still not clear enough. Currently, growing evidence suggests that intestinal flora might be a potential target for the treatment of constipation. Thus, the aim of this study was to clarify the laxative effect of rhubarb via systematically analyzing the metagenome and metabolome of the gut microbiota.

Protein secretion is generally mediated by a series of distinct pathways in bacteria. Recently, evidence of a novel bacterial secretion pathway involving a bacteriophage-related protein has emerged. TcdE, a holin-like protein encoded by toxigenic isolates of Clostridioides difficile, mediates the release of the large clostridial glucosylating toxins (LCGTs), TcdA and TcdB, and TpeL from C.

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT) cause the potentially fatal neuroparalytic disease botulism that arises due to proteolysis of a SNARE protein. Each BoNT is comprised of three domains: a cell binding domain (HC), a translocation domain (HN), and a catalytic (Zn2+ endopeptidase) domain (LC). The HC is responsible for neuronal specificity by targeting both a protein and ganglioside receptor at the neuromuscular junction.

Companion animal clinics contribute to the spread of antimicrobial resistant microorganisms (ARM) and outbreaks with ARM of public health concern have been described.

Journal of Applied Microbiology, Accepted Article. Aim This study aimed to investigate the isolation rate, antibiotic resistance, and virulence genes of Salmonella enterica serovar from two commercial farms in Nigeria. Methods and Results Salmonella isolation was performed according to the United States Food and Drug Agency (USFDA) method.

by Volkan K. Köseoğlu, Marieke K. Jones, Hervé Agaisse The bacterial pathogen Shigella flexneri causes 270 million cases of bacillary dysentery worldwide every year, resulting in more than 200,000 deaths. S. flexneri pathogenic properties rely on its ability to invade epithelial cells and spread from cell to cell within the colonic epithelium.

Cross-contamination is an important event for bacterial transfer throughout the pork production chain. In Brazil, Salmonella sp. is the most relevant hazard in the pork industry, and further knowledge concerning its contamination is essential for in-depth risk assessments. Thus, we aimed to assess the transfer probability of Salmonella sp.

Type 1 secretion systems play important roles in pathogenicity of Gram-negative bacteria. However, the substrate secretion mechanism remains largely unknown. In this research, we observed the sequence features of repeats-in-toxin (RTX) proteins, a major class of type 1 secreted effectors (T1SEs). We found striking non-RTX-motif amino acid composition patterns at the C termini, most typically exemplified by the enriched “[FLI][VAI]” at the most C-terminal two positions.

The inclusion of macroalgae in the diets of farmed fish offers the opportunity for an added-value dietary ingredient to the nutraceutical feed. The composition of algae varies greatly among species. Several Ulva species have been considered in aquafeed formulations for different farmed fish, and Ulva ohnoi is being applied recently. However, the effects of seaweed dietary inclusion on the host must be evaluated.

Methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) are zoonotic life-threatening pathogens, and their presence in food raises a public health concern. Yet, scarce data are available regarding MRSA and VRSA in both ready-to-eat (RTE) meat and food handlers.

The diabetic autonomic neuropathy is one of the most common complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially gastrointestinal autonomic neuropathy (GAN), which occurs in up to 75% of patients.

Aim of this study was to investigate the long-term results of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) injections for the treatment of benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) and to report our experience with (ultra-)long-term treatment with onabotulinumtoxin-A. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis at a university hospital. Patients with BEB and BoNT-A treatment were assigned to the Total Blepharospasm Group, patients with ≥21 onabotulinumtoxin-A injections to the Ona Long-Term Group.

The inactivating effect of ozone (O3)-based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (O3/H2O2, O3/UV, and O3/UV/H2O2 systems) on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria (AMRB) and antimicrobial-susceptible bacteria (AMSB) in sewage treatment plant (STP) wastewater was investigated.

Letters in Applied Microbiology, Accepted Article. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen with a great ability to form biofilms. Herein, the antimicrobial potential of Thymbra capitata essential oil (EO) against MRSA biofilms was investigated. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum lethal concentration (MLC) of the T.

The facultative intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes is of major veterinary importance in small ruminants. Nevertheless, details of L. monocytogenes interactions with cells of small ruminants are not fully established. To study the potential of L. monocytogenes to infect sheep cells, we used the finite sheep kidney cell line (shKEC), which was infected with the wild-type L. monocytogenes strain EGDe. The invasion efficiency was 0.015 ± 0.004%.

Staphylococcus hyicus is the causative agent of porcine exudative epidermitis. This disorder affects animals in all producing countries and presents a widespread occurrence in Brazil. This study evaluated strains from a historical collection in order to detect the presence of exfoliative-toxin-encoding genes (SHETB, ExhA, ExhB, ExhC, ExhD), characterize the strains using PFGE, and determine their respective antimicrobial resistance profiles.