Research Publications (Food Safety)

Beta toxin (CPB) is a small hemolysin beta pore-forming toxin (β-PFT) produced by Clostridium perfringens type C. It plays a central role in the pathogenesis of necro-hemorrhagic enteritis in young animals and humans via targeting intestinal endothelial cells. We recently identified the membrane protein CD31 (PECAM-1) as the receptor for CPB on mouse endothelial cells.

by Hamid Motamedi, Matin Fathollahi, Ramin Abiri, Sepide Kadivarian, Mosayeb Rostamian, Amirhooshang Alvandi

Introduction

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a major hospital problem and a common adverse effect of antibiotic treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of the most important bacteria that cause AAD in hospitalized patients.

Materials and methods

Author(s): Ali Daneshmand, Hassan Kermanshahi, Javid Mohammed, Mohammad Hadi Sekhavati, Ali Javadmanesh, Monireh Ahmadian, Marzieh Alizadeh, Jamshid Razmyar, Raveendra R. Kulkarni

Author(s): Shifeng Wang, Charles L. Hofacre, Soo-Young Wanda, Jingyu Zhoua Richard A. Callum, Bob Nordgren, Roy Curtiss Gram-positive Clostridium perfringens type G, the causative agent of necrotic enteritis (NE), has gained more attention in the poultry industry due to governmental restrictions on the use of growth-promoting antibiotics in poultry feed.

Background

by Nazanin Ahmadkhosravi, Azar Dokht Khosravi, Aram Asareh Zadegan Dezfuli, Mohammad Hashemzadeh, Morteza Saki, Fatemeh Jahangiri Mehr, Farokh Izadpour

Background

Author(s): Tahir Noor Mohammadi, Cunkuan Shen, Yuncheng Li, Mahmoud Gamaleldin Zayda, Jun Sato, Yoshimitsu Masuda, Ken-ichi Honjoh, Takahisa Miyamoto

Author(s): Yizhu Zhao, Jiahuan Fu, Peng Li, Ningbo Chen, Yanjie Liu, Dan Liu, Yuming Guo

Despite an increasing appreciation in the importance of host–microbe interactions in ecological and evolutionary processes, information on the gut microbial communities of some marine mammals is still lacking. Moreover, whether diet, environment, or host phylogeny has the greatest impact on microbial community structure is still unknown.

Background

Iota-toxin from Clostridium perfringens type E is a binary toxin composed of two independent proteins: actin-ADP-ribosylating enzyme component, iota-a (Ia), and binding component, iota-b (Ib). Ib binds to target cell receptors and mediates the internalization of Ia into the cytoplasm. Extracellular lysosomal enzyme acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) was previously shown to facilitate the internalization of iota-toxin.

Cincalok, a traditional fermented shrimp, is prepared by mixing rebon shrimps (Acetes sp) with coarse salt and granulated sugar in a certain ratio. This research was aimed at studying the effect of adding garlic and red chilli pepper powder on the physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties of cincalok.

Author(s): Shannon M. Cruzen, Hayriye Cetin-Karaca, Rodrigo Tarté, Joseph G. Sebranek, James S. Dickson Pork bellies were injected with four different alternative curing brines. The bellies were inoculated on the surface and at a depth of 1 cm with multiple strains of Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. The bellies were processed using either a standard process cycle or an interrupted process cycle to simulate a process deviation.

The rising concern of antimicrobial resistance highlights a need for effective alternatives to antibiotics for livestock production. Butyrate, forskolin, and lactose are three natural products known to induce the synthesis of host defense peptides (HDP), which are a critical component of innate immunity. In this study, the synergy among butyrate, forskolin, and lactose in enhancing innate host defense, barrier function, and resistance to necrotic enteritis and coccidiosis was investigated.

Author(s): Lorine Derongs, Céline Druilhe, Caroline Le Maréchal, Frédéric Barbut, Lorette Heurtevent, Julie Buffet, Laure Martin, Christine Ziebal, Typhaine Poezevara, Sandra Rouxel, Emmanuelle Houard, Syed Zaidi Rabab, Jeanne Couturier, Anne-Marie Pourcher

Along with banning antibiotics, necrotic enteritis (NE), especially subclinical enteritis (SNE), poses a significant threat to the chicken industry; however, probiotics are a potentially promising intervention. We aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM29784 (BS) on the treatment of Clostridium perfringens (CP)-induced SNE in broilers.

Pancreatic necrosis infection (PNI) accounts for about 20–40 % of severe acute pancreatitis. PNI caused by anaerobic bacteria is unusual but when they present, Clostridium perfringens is the microorganism most commonly involved.

Author(s): Li Xiu, Chuangang Zhu, Zhaobing Zhong, Lixue Liu, Suo Chen, Wenping Xu, Hairong Wang

Clostridium perfringens causes a variety of human and animal enteric diseases including food poisoning, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and necrotic enteritis. Yet, the reservoirs of enteropathogenic enterotoxin-producing strains remain unknown. We conducted a genomic comparison of 290 strains and a heat resistance phenotyping of 30 C. perfringens strains to elucidate the population structure and ecology of this pathogen. C.

Abstract

Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, Accepted Article. ABSTRACT

The alpha (CPA), beta (CPB) and epsilon (ETX) toxins of Clostridium perfringens are responsible for causing diseases that are difficult to eradicate and have lethal potential in production animals. Vaccination of herds is still the best control strategy. Recombinant clostridial vaccines have shown good success at inducing neutralizing antibody titers and appear to be a viable alternative to the conventional production of commercial clostridial toxoids.

Author(s): Yanfen Jiang, Yinghui Ma, Qianqian Liu, Tianmei Li, Yiming Li, Kangkang Guo, Yanming Zhang

Necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically devastating disease of poultry caused by pathogenic Clostridium perfringens, is known to induce small intestinal lesions and dysbiosis. However, the intestinal microbes that are associated with NE severity are yet to be characterized. Here, we investigated the link between the ileal microbiota and disease severity in a chicken model of clinical NE using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Author(s): Derongs Lorine, Druilhe Céline, Le Maréchal Caroline, Barbut Frédéric, Heurtevent Lorette, Buffet Julie, Martin Laure, Ziebal Christine, Poezevara Typhaine, Rouxel Sandra, Houard Emmanuelle, Syed Zaidi Rabab, Couturier Jeanne, Pourcher Anne-Marie