Research Publications (Food Safety)

Publication date: February 2016
, Volume 53, Part B
Author(s): Won-Jae Song, Dong-Hyun Kang

Publication date: 23 December 2015
, Volume 215
Author(s): Manuela Murgia, Brahim Bouchrif, Mohammed Timinouni, Ahmed Al-Qahtani, Mohammed N. Al-Ahdal, Pietro Cappuccinelli, Salvatore Rubino, Bianca Paglietti

Publication date: February 2016, Volume 53, Part B Author(s): Alexander W. Emch, Joy G. Waite-Cusic Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) has emphasized microbial risks associated with irrigation water. Treasure Valley (eastern Oregon/western Idaho) has the highest yield of dry bulb onions in the country; however, their irrigation water is often non-compliant with current industry and proposed federal standards for fresh produce.

The present study evaluated the effects of carvacrol and thymol against Salmonella spp. biofilm on polypropylene. The efficacy of the compounds was assessed by quantifying Salmonella spp. cells during and after biofilm formation on polypropylene and performing scanning electron microscopy. During biofilm formation, carvacrol and thymol, at subinhibitory concentrations, reduced bacterial counts about 1–2 log, while established Salmonella spp.

Publication date: February 2016
, Volume 53, Part B
Author(s): Eun-Jeong Hong, Dong-Hyun Kang

This study investigates the effects of different doses of serotonin, its precursor 5-hydroxytry-ptophan (5HTP), and m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine inhibitor (NSD1015), administered via intraperitoneal for 5 consecutive days, on behavior and average body weight of broilers. We also measured the humoral immune response and quantification of Salmonella Enteritidis in broilers chickens that received the drugs evaluated and a Lactobacillus pool.

In order to reduce the risk of enteric pathogens transmission in animal farms, the disinfection effectiveness of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH 5.85 to 6.53) for inactivating Salmonella Enteritidis on the surface of plastic poultry transport cages was evaluated. The coupled effects of the tap water cleaning time (5 to 15 s), SAEW treatment time (20 to 40 s), and available chlorine concentrations (ACCs) of 30 to 70 mg/l on the reductions of S.

After a ban on the use of antibiotics as growth promoters in farm animals in the European Union in 2006, an interest in alternative products with antibacterial or anti-inflammatory properties has increased. In this study, we therefore tested the effects of extracts from Curcuma longa and Scutellaria baicalensis used as feed additives against cecal inflammation induced by heat stress or Salmonella Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) infection in chickens.

The response of some inoculated strains and native flora to PL treatment (Xenon lamp, 3 pulses s−1, 10 cm distance from the lamp, 71.6 J cm−2) in apple, orange and strawberry fresh juices with different absorbance, turbidity and particle size was investigated. Microbial growth dynamics during 12-day storage (5 °C) of PL-treated juices was also evaluated. PL treatments provoked 0.3–2.6 log reductions for inoculated microorganisms and 0.1–0.7 for native flora.

Publication date: January 2016
Source:LWT - Food Science and Technology, Volume 65
Author(s): Agapi I. Doulgeraki, Maria Papaioannou, George-John E. Nychas

Aims
The aim of this study was to cost-effectively improve detection of foodborne pathogens in PCR inhibitory samples through the use of alternative DNA polymerases.

Phytophagous insects can encounter Salmonella enterica on contaminated plant surfaces and transmit externally adhered and internalized bacteria on and among leaves. Excretion of ingested S. enterica by the leafhopper Macrosteles quadrilineatus has been previously reported; however, the sites of persistence of ingested bacteria remain undetermined. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the presence and persistence of S. enterica in various organs of M.

A quantitative comparison between discriminatory indexes and concordance among multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis (MLVA), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), automated ribotyping, and phage typing has been performed, testing 238 Salmonella enterica serotype Enteritidis isolates not epidemiologically correlated.

Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen which can readily pass from animal to man through the consumption of contaminated food. The prevalence of Salmonella enterica associated with poultry and poultry meat products has been well-documented and this prevalence has both public health and economic implications. The estimated total cost for nontyphoidal Salmonella is in excess of 14 billion dollars/year in the United States alone.

The human gastrointestinal epithelium makes up the largest barrier separating the body from the external environment. Whereas invasive pathogens cause epithelial barrier disruption, probiotic microorganisms modulate tight junction regulation and improve epithelial barrier function. In addition, probiotic strains may be able to reduce epithelial barrier disruption caused by pathogenic species.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence and spatial distribution of Salmonella infection in Pennsylvania raccoons (Procyon lotor), common wildlife mammals known to occupy overlapping habitats with humans and domestic food animals. The Pennsylvania Game Commission provided a total of 371 raccoon intestinal samples from trapped and road-killed raccoons collected between May and November 2011.

A novel target-enriched multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Tem-PCR) assay for the simultaneous detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed in the present study. The invA, hly and rfbE genes were selected as target genes for identifying Salmonella spp., L. monocytogenes and E. coli O157:H7, respectively.

Publication date: February 2016
, Volume 60
Author(s): Junjie Li, Ligong Zhai, Xiaomei Bie, Zhaoxin Lu, Xiaohan Kong, Qian Yu, Fengxia Lv, Chong Zhang, Haizhen Zhao

The life cycles of many enteric bacterial species require a transition between two very distinct environments. Their primary habitat is the gastrointestinal tract of the host, while their secondary habitat, during transmission from one host to another, consists of environments external to the host, such as soil, water, and sediments. Consequently, both host and environmental factors shape the genetic structure of enteric bacterial populations.

The ability to acetylate lysine residues is conserved across organisms, and acetylation of lysine residues plays important roles in various cellular functions. Maintaining intracellular pH homeostasis is crucial for the survival of enteric bacteria in the acidic gastric tract. It has been shown that eukaryotes can stabilize the intracellular pH by histone deacetylation.

Temporal changes in the distribution of Salmonella subtypes in livestock populations may have important impacts on human health. The first objective of this research was to determine the within-farm changes in the population of subtypes of Salmonella on Michigan dairy farms that were sampled longitudinally in 2000-2001 and again in 2009. The second objective was to determine the yearly frequency (2001 through 2012) of reported human illnesses in Michigan associated with the same subtypes.

Aims
The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of caprylic acid (CA) on pathogens in apple juice having intrinsic organic acids, and to determine any synergistic effects.

Aims
To investigate the differential expression of virulence genes and role of gyrA mutations in quinolone resistant and susceptible strains of Salmonella isolated from seafood.

This study examined the effect of feeding heat-killed Lactobacillus cells on the survival of C. elegans nematodes after Salmonella Typhimurium and Yersinia enterocolitica infection. The feeding of heat-killed L. plantarum 133 (LP133) and L. fermentum 21 (LP21) cells to nematodes was shown to significantly increase the survival rate as well as stimulate the expression of pmk-1 gene that key factor for C.

Yukihiko Hiroshima, Ming Zhao, Yong Zhang, Nan Zhang, Ali Maawy, Takashi Murakami, Sumiyuki Mii, Fuminari Uehara, Mako Yamamoto, Shinji Miwa, Shuya Yano, Masashi Momiyama, Ryutaro Mori, Ryusei Matsuyama, Takashi Chishima, Kuniya Tanaka, Yasushi Ichikawa, Michael Bouvet, Itaru Endo, Robert M. Hoffman