Research Publications (Food Safety)

This study reports a robust and sensitive method for rapid testing of patulin in apple and apple juice. The method involved extraction of homogenised samples (10 g) with ethyl acetate (10 mL) and clean up by dispersive-solid phase extraction using primary secondary amine (25 mg/mL). Prior to the LC-MS/MS analysis, the cleaned extract was reconstituted in methanol/water (2:8).

Mycotoxin contamination of feed does not only cut across food and feed value chains but compromises animal productivity and health, affecting farmers, traders and consumers alike.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of mycotoxin binders in reducing the adverse effects of co-occurring dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), deoxynivalenol (DON) and ochratoxin A (OTA) on laying hens. Three hundred and sixty 26-week-old Roman laying hens were randomly allocated into four experimental groups with 10 replicates of nine birds each.

Author(s): Hongxia Tan, Hongyuan Zhou, Ting Guo, Yuhao Zhang, Liang Ma

Toxic effects among fumonisins B (FB), deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) administered alone and combined were investigated in 84-day-old ducks during force-feeding. 75 male ducks, divided into five groups of 15 animals, received daily during the meal a capsule containing the desired among of toxin.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of a byproduct mixture derived from grapeseed and sea buckthorn oil industry to mitigate the harmful damage produced by ochratoxin A and aflatoxin B1 at hepatic and renal level in piglets after weaning. Forty cross-bred TOPIGS-40 hybrid piglets after weaning were assigned to three experimental groups (E1, E2, E3) and one control group (C), and fed with experimental diets for 30 days.

In this study, we present, for the first time in Spain, the levels of 19 mycotoxins in plasma samples from healthy and sick children (digestive, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), and attention deficit hyperactivity (ADHD) disorders) (n = 79, aged 2–16). The samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (triple quadrupole) (LC-MS/MS). To detect Phase II metabolites, the samples were reanalyzed after pre-treatment with β-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase.

B-series fumonisins (FBs) are a family of carcinogenic mycotoxins that commonly occur in maize. These mycotoxins cause multiple diseases in animals and are epidemiologically associated with several human diseases in populations for which maize is a dietary staple. FBs are produced by multiple genera of the fungi Aspergillus, Fusarium and Tolypocladium, but the plant pathogen Fusarium verticillioides is considered the primary cause of FB contamination in maize. One F.

Mycotoxins are a prevalent problem for stored fruits, grains, and vegetables. Alternariol, aflatoxin, and patulin, produced by Alternaria spp., Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium spp., are the major mycotoxins that negatively affect human and animal health and reduce fruit and produce quality. Control strategies for these toxins are varied, but one method that is increasing in interest is through host microbiome manipulation, mirroring a biocontrol approach.

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are transmembrane receptors involved in transducing signals from the external environment inside the cell, which enables fungi to coordinate cell transport, metabolism, and growth to promote their survival, reproduction, and virulence. There are 14 classes of GPCRs in fungi involved in sensing various ligands.

Author(s): Shuangshuang Zhai, Yongwen Zhu, Peishi Feng, Macheng Li, Wence Wang, Lin Yang, Ye Yang

Author(s): Adriana Raquel Persson da Silva, Maria Helena Pelegrinelli Fungaro, Josué José Silva, Ligia Manoel Martins, Marta Hiromi Taniwaki, Beatriz Thie Iamanaka

Author(s): Jiahui Han, Chengni Jin, Yujie Zhong, Jiachang Zhu, Qi Liu, Dianjun Sun, Jiayu Feng, Xiaodong Xia, Xiaoli Peng

Author(s): Marcin Bryła, Edyta Ksieniewicz-Woźniak, Sylwia Stępniewska, Marta Modrzewska, Agnieszka Waśkiewicz, Krystyna Szymczyk, Anna Szafrańska

The Lacticaseibacillus casei subsp. casei growth and ochratoxin A removal during fermentation of maize dough were mathematically modeled using the Baranyi and statistical models of Weibull and modified Gompertz models, respectively. The effect of important detoxification parameters including temperature level (35 and 37 °C), sonication duration (0, 5, 10 and 15 min) as well as continuous/pulsed ultrasound treatment was investigated.

Aromatic and medicinal plants (AMPs), as herbal material, are subjected to contamination by various mycotoxin-producing fungi, either free and conjugated. Such a problem is associated with poor storage practices, and lack of adopting good agricultural practices and good harvesting practices. Nevertheless, AMPs are poorly investigated.

Zearalenone (ZEA) is a mycotoxin of the Fusarium genus that can cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and Apoptosis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T). Polydatin (PD), a glycoside purified from Polygonum cuspidatum, has antioxidant properties. This study aimed to explore whether PD can alleviate ZEA-induced damage on bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T).

Author(s): Xiaoya Bi, Libo Li, Xiaohong Liu, Lijun Luo, Zhiliang Cheng, Jinying Sun, Zhibin Cai, Jinming Liu, Tianyan You

Author(s): Alireza Khataee, Hessamaddin Sohrabi, Omid Arbabzadeh, Pegah Khaaki, Mir Reza Majidi

Author(s): Zhijun Guo, Jing Tian, Chengbi Cui, Yan Wang, Huanhuan Yang, Ming Yuan, Hansong Yu

Author(s): Naader Alizadeh, Javad Hashemi, Faezeh Shahdost-Fard

Forage maize is often infected by mycotoxin-producing Fusarium fungi during plant growth, which represent a serious health risk to exposed animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are among the most important Fusarium mycotoxins, but little is known about the occurrence of their modified forms in forage maize.

Aspergillus carbonarius is the principal fungal species responsible for ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination of grapes and derived products in the main viticultural regions worldwide. In recent years, co-expressed genes representing a putative-OTA gene cluster were identified, and the deletion of a few of them allowed the partial elucidation of the biosynthetic pathway in the fungus.

The extensive exposure to multiple mycotoxins has been demonstrated in many countries; however, realistic assessments of the risks related to cumulative exposure are limited. This biomonitoring study was conducted to investigate exposure to 23 mycotoxins/metabolites and their determinants in 227 adults (aged 20–88 years) in the Yangtze River Delta, China.