Research Publications (Food Safety)

In the present study, an elevated temperature homogeneous liquid extraction coupled with ionic liquid‑based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed to extract five carbamate pesticides (pirimicarb, carbaryl, methiocarb, aldicarb, and carbofuran) from packed fruit juice samples. The method consisted of a two-step procedure in which cyclohexylamine was used in order to extract the target analytes.

Author(s): M.Á. Martínez, J. Blanco, J. Rovira, V. Kumar, J.L. Domingo, M. Schuhmacher

Luteolin (LUT) is a glycosylated flavonoid compound that has multiple beneficial pharmacological and biological impacts. The current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the putative neuroprotective potency of LUT against neuronal damage induced by lead acetate (PbAc). Twenty-eight rats were placed into four equal groups.

Research in toxinology has created a pharmacological paradox. With an estimated 220,000 venomous animals worldwide, the study of peptidyl toxins provides a vast number of effector molecules. However, due to the complexity of the protein-protein interactions, there are fewer than ten venom-derived molecules on the market. Structural characterization and identification of post-translational modifications are essential to develop biological lead structures into pharmaceuticals.

by Fatemeh Ashrafi Tafreshi, Zahra Fatahi, Seyedeh Fatemeh Ghasemi, Amirali Taherian, Neda Esfandiari

Drug repositioning offers an effective alternative to de novo drug design to tackle the urgent need for novel antimalarial treatments. The antiamoebic compound emetine dihydrochloride has been identified as a potent in vitro inhibitor of the multidrug-resistant strain K1 of Plasmodium falciparum (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50], 47 nM ± 2.1 nM [mean ± standard deviation]).

Assessment of reproductive toxicity is one of the important safety considerations in drug development. Thus, in the present research, the naïve Bayes (NB)‐classifier method was applied to develop binary classification models. Six important molecular descriptors for reproductive toxicity were selected by the genetic algorithm. Then, 110 classification models were developed using six molecular descriptors and10 types of fingerprints with 11 different maximum diameters.

We previously reported that immunostaining for γ‐H2AX, a biomarker of DNA damage, in the rat urinary bladder is useful for early detection of bladder carcinogens in 28‐day toxicity studies. Here, we aimed to examine the dose dependency of γ‐H2AX formation in the urinary bladder of rats.

Free and protein-bound Maillard reaction products (acrylamide, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, α-dicarbonyl compounds, N-ε-fructosyllysine, N-ε-carboxymethyllysine and N-ε-carboxyethyllysine) and the reaction precursors (sugars and amino acids) were investigated in bread crust-like systems prepared with different cereal flours. Selected cereals were; whole and refined wheat, whole einkorn, whole rye, whole oat and whole corn.

Author(s): Marjeta Mencin, Helena Abramovič, Rajko Vidrih, Matthias Schreiner

Author(s): Lubin Qi, Wenli Wu, Qi Kang, Qiongzheng Hu, Li Yu

Author(s): Flavia Badoud, Bernd Goeckener, Kevin Severin, Marion Ernest, Roman Romero, Thibaut Alzieu, Arne Glabasnia, Jonas Hamel, Mark Buecking, Thierry Delatour

Author(s): Marion Hulin, Véronique Sirot, Paule Vasseur, Aurelie Mahe, Jean-Charles Leblanc, Julien Jean, Philippe Marchand, Anaïs Venisseau, Bruno LE. Bizec, Gilles Riviere A total diet study (TDS) was conducted between 2010 and 2016 to characterize the health risk related to chemical residues in food of French not breastfed children under three years of age (infant TDS).

Author(s): Congcong Yu, Dongyu Hao, Qiao Chu, Ting Wang, Songnan Liu, Tao Lan, Fenghe Wang, Canping Pan

Author(s): Chao Feng, Qian Xu, Xinlei Qiu, Yu'e Jin, Jieyun Ji, Yuanjie Lin, Sunyang Le, Guoquan Wang, Dasheng Lu

Author(s): Matt K. Broadhurst, David J. Sterling

Female vinegar flies (Drosophila melanogaster) preferentially oviposit eggs on oviposition substrates that decrease larval foraging costs. We tested whether female D. melanogaster would avoid oviposition substrates containing lead (Pb2+), which could potentially decrease offspring fitness. Wild type D.

Abstract

In the course of optimizing a novel indazole sulfonamide series that inhibits β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase (KasA) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a mutagenic aniline metabolite was identified. Further lead optimization efforts were therefore dedicated to eliminating this critical liability by removing the embedded aniline moiety or modifying its steric or electronic environment.

Author(s): Wenting Li, Xuetao Hu, Qian Li, Yongqiang Shi, Xiaodong Zhai, Yiwei Xu, Zhihua Li, Xiaowei Huang, Xin Wang, Jiyong Shi, Xiaobo Zou, Shifei Kang

Author(s): Xiao Zhigang, Wang Lishuang, Zhang Yirui, Wang Yanwen, Ahmed S.M. Saleh, Zhu Minpeng, Gao Yuzhe, Xu caihong, Mohamed E. Hassan, Yang Qingyu, Duan Yumin

Author(s): Keqi Hu, Hang Yu, Zihuan Li, Guifang Jin, Hansi Jia, Meiqi Song, Yungang Liu

The typical bitter taste of beer is caused by adding hops (Humulus lupulus L.) during the wort boiling process. The bitter taste of hop-derived compounds was found to be mediated by three bitter taste receptors: TAS2R1, TAS2R14, and TAS2R40.

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) produces a range of defense phytochemicals containing a quinone core structure: sorgoleone allelochemical, flavonoid phytoalexins, and a broad spectrum of polyphenols. Those phytochemicals react with the components of cellular and agroecosystems to form stable semiquinone radicals engaging in different proton-coupled electron transfer reactions.

by Chunxia Zhang, Jingli Gao, Yidan Guo, Aijun Xing, Pengpeng Ye, Yuntao Wu, Shouling Wu, Yang Luo

Objective

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with adverse outcomes in the general population, but its impact on patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the association between AF and risks of all-cause mortality and stroke in Chinese adults with CKD.

Methods