Research Publications (Food Safety)

Author(s): Xiaoxia Dong, Fan Yang, Shuping Yang, Changzhou Yan

Author(s): Yang Liu, Jun Ji, Wei Zhang, Yao Suo, Jiating Zhao, Xiaoying Lin, Liwei Cui, Bai Li, Huaiqiang Hu, Chunying Chen, Yu-Feng Li

Abstract

Introduction

Selenium plays important roles in antagonizing the toxicity of methylmercury. The underlying mechanism for the antagonism between Se and MeHg is still not fully understood.

BACKGROUND Several diseases and insects may cause potential damage to the normal growth of cucumber. Azoxystrobin and meptyldinocap are effective against pathogens which have developed reduced sensitivity to other fungicides because of their novel mode of action. Azoxystrobin is persistent in various crops and environment. However, there is a lack of research on dissipation of these two pesticides, especially meptyldinocap.

A fully automated high-throughput method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of more than 100 veterinary drugs in chicken and beef tissue. The work also encompassed a comparison of the SPME method to two well-documented sample preparation procedures, solvent extraction (SE) and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS).

Author(s): W. Schlörmann, S. Zetzmann, B. Wiege, N.U. Haase, A. Greiling, S. Lorkowski, C. Dawczynski, M. Glei

Honey, pineapple, chilli pepper, and onion extracts were investigated for their ability to inhibit enzymatic browning in sweet potatoes. Honey had the highest inhibition (41.39%–48.0%), comparable with l‐ascorbic acid. Heated onion extract increased polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibition by 2.5‐fold when 4‐methylcatechol was used as substrate. However, percentage inhibition decreased drastically (7.42%–19.67%) when heated pineapple extract was used.

Heme iron overload has been implicated as the main cause of the increased risk of cancer due to the consumption of red meat. However, fish and shellfish, teas, and spices contain up to five times more iron than red meat. There is insufficient evidence that iron intake in dietary red meat is the primary causal factor for colorectal cancer.

Acrylamide is formed during baking in some frequently consumed food products. It is proven to be carcinogenic in rodents and a probable human carcinogen. Thus, the food industry is working to find solutions to minimize its formation during processing.

Author(s): Giannis Katsaros, Daya Shankar Pandey, Alen Horvat, Guadalupe Aranda Almansa, Lydia E. Fryda, James J. Leahy, Savvas A. Tassou

Author(s): Jasim Khan, Shikha Salhotra, Poonam Goswami, Juheb Akhtar, Shagufta Jahan, Sakshi Gupta, Shikha Sharma, Basu Dev Banerjee, Suhel Parvez, Sarika Gupta, Sheikh Raisuddin

Author(s): M.S. Hossain, B.C. Sarkar, M.M. Hossain, M.Y. Mian, E.G. Rajotte, R. Muniappan, M.E. O'Rourke

Author(s): Honest Machekano, Brighton M. Mvumi, Peter Chinwada, Susan J. Kageler, Richard Rwafa

Author(s): R.R. Sharma, S.C. Datta, Eldho Varghese

Author(s): Bulat Kuluev, Elena Mikhaylova, Alexander Ermoshin, Svetlana Veselova, Anastasia Tugbaeva, Gulnar Gumerova, Karina Gainullina, Evgenia Zaikina

Animal venoms are promising sources of novel drug leads, but their translational potential is hampered by the low success rate of earlier biodiscovery programs, in part reflecting the narrow selection of targets for investigation. To increase the number of lead candidates, here we discuss a phylogeny-guided approach for the rational selection of venomous taxa, using tarantulas (family Theraphosidae) as a case study.

Global climatic fluctuations and the increasing population have been responsible for the decline in the crop productivity. The chemical fertilizers, pesticides, and suitable genetic resources are commonly used for improving the crop yield. Magnetic field (MF) therapy for plants and animals has been found to be an effective and emerging tool to control diseases and increase tolerance against the adverse environment.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a significant threat to public health, and a major resistance determinant that promotes this phenotype is the production of the OXA-48 carbapenemase. The activity of OXA-48 towards carbapenems is a puzzling phenotype as its hydrolytic activity against doripenem is non-detectable.

Actinomycetes are remarkable producers of compounds essential for human and veterinary medicine as well as for agriculture. The genomes of those microorganisms possess several sets of genes (biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC)) encoding pathways for the production of the valuable secondary metabolites.

For the past few decades, there has been limited progress in the development of novel antibacterials. Previously, we postulated that the gut microbiota of animals residing in polluted environments are a forthcoming supply of antibacterials. Among various species, the water monitor lizard is an interesting species that feeds on organic waste and the carcass of wild animals.

Author(s): Jie Zhang, Liang Li, Liping Huang, Manman Zhang, Ziyan Chen, Qingsong Zheng, Haiyan Zhao, Xi Chen, Mingyi Jiang, Mingpu Tan

Author(s): Xiang Wan, Alan D. Steinman, Xiubo Shu, Qing Cao, Lei Yao, Liqiang Xie

Author(s): Ke Yuan, Xin Chen, Ping Chen, Yongshun Huang, Jie Jiang, Tiangang Luan, Baowei Chen, Xiaowei Wang

Author(s): Xu Yang, Rongkai Lin, Wenyuan Zhang, Yongkang Xu, Xin Wei, Chen Zhuo, Junhao Qin, Huashou Li