Research Publications (Food Safety)

Publication date: Available online 13 May 2019

Source: LWT

Author(s): Seyed Mohammad Bagher Hashemi, Reza Roohi, Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi, Daniel Granato

Available online 15 May 2019

Author(s): Narges Elahi, Mohammad Hadi Baghersad, Mehdi Kamali

Abstract

Aim

Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) is a prevalent problem in mammals. The present study was conducted to unveil the alterations in intestinal microbiota in IUGR piglets.

Available online 2 May 2019

Author(s): Hiroki Maruoka, Atsushi Hinenoya, Noritomo Yasuda, Atsuyoshi Takeda, Shin Inoue, Tomoko Sumi, Kazuaki Koitabashi, Hiroshi Yasue, Kazuhiko Kogou, Shinji Yamasaki

Available online 30 April 2019

Author(s): R.M. Subasinghe, A.D. Samarajeewa, R. Scroggins, L.A. Beaudette

Shigella flexneri has an extremely complex genome with a significant number of virulence traits acquired by mobile genetic elements including bacteriophages and plasmids. S. flexneri serotype 1c is an emerging et...

Available online 20 April 2019

Author(s): Hang Wang, Xiaojie Qin, Si Mi, Xia Li, Xiaoling Wang, Weijiang Yan, Chunhui Zhang

Scope

Understanding biological functions of different free human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) in shaping gastrointestinal tract microbiota during infancy is of great interest. We examined a link between HMOs in maternal milk and infant faecal microbiota composition and investigated the role of microbiota in degrading HMOs within the GI tract of healthy, breastfed, one‐month old infants.

Aquatic environments are reservoirs of the human pathogen Vibrio cholerae O1, which causes the acute diarrheal disease cholera. Upon low temperature or limited nutrient availability, the cells enter a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. Characteristic of this state are an altered morphology, low metabolic activity, and lack of growth under standard laboratory conditions. Here, for the first time, the cellular ultrastructure of V.

Major foodborne bacterial pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni, have devised complex strategies to establish and foster intestinal infections. For more than two decades, researchers have used immortalized cell lines derived from human intestinal tissue to dissect C. jejuni-host cell interactions. Known from these studies is that C. jejuni virulence is multifactorial, requiring a coordinated response to produce virulence factors that facilitate host cell interactions.

Plesiomonas shigelloides is a Gram-negative, flagellated, rod-shaped, ubiquitous, and facultative anaerobic bacterium. It has been isolated from various sources, such as freshwater, surface water, and many wild and domestic animals. P. shigelloides is associated with diarrheal diseases of acute secretory gastroenteritis, an invasive shigellosis-like disease, and a cholera-like illness in humans. At present, 102 somatic antigens and 51 flagellar antigens of P.

Toxins, Vol. 11, Pages 212: Roles of Shiga Toxins in Immunopathology

Toxins doi: 10.3390/toxins11040212

Authors:
Moo-Seung Lee
Vernon L. Tesh

Contamination of romaine lettuce with human pathogens, antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) occurs during production. Post-harvest interventions are emplaced to mitigate pathogens, but could also mitigate ARB and ARGs on vegetables. The objective of this research was to determine changes to lettuce phyllosphere microbiota, inoculated ARB, and the resistome (profile of ARGs) following washing with a sanitizer, gamma irradiation, and cold storage.

Summary

Shigella spp. are a leading cause of human diarrheal disease worldwide, with Shigella flexneri being the most frequently isolated species in developing countries. This serogroup is presently classified into 19 serotypes worldwide. We report here a multicenter validation of a multiplex-PCR-based strategy previously developed by Q. Sun, R. Lan, Y. Wang, A. Zhao, et al. (J Clin Microbiol 49:3766–3770, 2011) for molecular serotyping of S. flexneri.

Azithromycin (AZM) has been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics for the treatment of shigellosis in children. In this study, 502 Shigella species isolated between 2004 and 2014 were tested for AZM epidemiological cutoff values (ECV) by disk diffusion.

The enteric pathogen Shigella is one of the leading causes of moderate-to-severe diarrhea and death in young children in developing countries. Transformed cell lines and animal models have been widely used to study Shigella pathogenesis. In addition to altered physiology, transformed cell lines are composed of a single cell type that does not sufficiently represent the complex multicellular environment of the human colon. Most available animal models do not accurately mimic human disease.

The enteric bacterium and intracellular human pathogen Shigella causes hundreds of millions of cases of the diarrheal disease shigellosis per year worldwide. Shigella is acquired by ingestion of contaminated food or water; upon reaching the colon, the bacteria invade colonic epithelial cells, replicate intracellularly, spread to adjacent cells, and provoke an intense inflammatory response.

Bacteria of the genus Shigella, consisting of 4 species and >50 serotypes, cause shigellosis, a foodborne disease of significant morbidity, mortality, and economic loss worldwide. Classical Shigella identification based on selective media and serology is tedious, time-consuming, expensive, and not always accurate. A molecular diagnostic assay does not distinguish Shigella at the species level or from enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC).

Available online 9 March 2019

Author(s): Reinhard Sting, Tobias Eisenberg, Maja Hrubenja

We developed a multiplex PCR method based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) that was designed for the rapid typing of Escherichia coli and Shigella isolates. The method amplifies seven VNTRs and does not require a sequencing capillary or fluorescent dyes. The amplification products are simply loaded on a standard agarose gel for electrophoresis, and the banding patterns are analyzed visually.

Abstract

Scope

: The intake of resistant starch (RS) may attenuate the risks of chronic illness, including colorectal cancer. However, whether the attenuated functionality of RS is maintained in cooked meat products needs to be clarified.

Prophage mediated horizontal gene transfer (HGT) plays a key role in the evolution of bacteria, enabling access to new environmental niches, including pathogenicity. Citrobacter rodentium is a host-adapted intestinal mouse pathogen and important model organism for attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogens including the clinically significant enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli.

Abstract