Research Publications (Food Safety)

Author(s): Mengting Wang, Bin Peng, Yang Wang, Na Zhao, Zhili Xiong, Longshan Zhao

Author(s): Xue Hou, Xu Xu, Xiaoying Xu, Mei Han, Shiting Qiu

A previously unreported xylated glycosaminoglycan with a β‐D‐Xylop(1 → 3)‐(⋯ → 4)‐GlcpA(1 → 3)‐GlcpNAc(1 → ⋯) framework was isolated to homogeneity from marine buccinid gastropod Babylonia spirata, and was found to possess potential antioxidant and 5‐lipoxygenase attenuation activities. The isolated metabolite might be anticipated as potential naturally‐derived bioactive constituent in functional food and pharmaceutical applications.

Author(s): Gaurav Kumar, Bagre Issa, Sarmistha Biswal, Diamond Jain, Amitabha Bhattacharjee, Anindya S. Ghosh

by Nematollah Gheibi, Mohammad Ghorbani, Hanifeh Shariatifar, Alireza Farasat

Author(s): Kaihang Xu, Jun Wang, Han Gong, Yizheng Li, Lei Zhou, Muting Yan

Antimicrobial residues in milk have been discussed as a possible selector for Enterobacteriaceae that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in dairy herds. Such residues are found in waste milk after antibiotic treatment of mastitis, but antibiotic dry cow therapy might also lead to antibiotic residues in colostrum and in milk during early lactation.

ABSTRACT

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent the largest group of endogenous compounds and serves as a novel alternative to traditional antibiotics for the treatment of pathogenic microorganisms. Moricin is an important α-helical AMP plays a crucial role in insect humoral defense reactions.

A fully automated high-throughput method using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed and validated for quantitative analysis of more than 100 veterinary drugs in chicken and beef tissue. The work also encompassed a comparison of the SPME method to two well-documented sample preparation procedures, solvent extraction (SE) and quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS).

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae are a significant threat to public health, and a major resistance determinant that promotes this phenotype is the production of the OXA-48 carbapenemase. The activity of OXA-48 towards carbapenems is a puzzling phenotype as its hydrolytic activity against doripenem is non-detectable.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Author(s): Barbara Spolaore, Julián Fernández, Bruno Lomonte, Maria Lina Massimino, Fiorella Tonello

Carbapenem-hydrolyzing class D carbapenemases (CHDLs) are enzymes that produce resistance to the last-resort carbapenem antibiotics, severely compromising the available therapeutic options for the treatment of life-threatening infections. A broad variety of CHDLs, including OXA-23, OXA-24/40, and OXA-58, circulate in Acinetobacter baumannii, while the OXA-48 CHDL is predominant in Enterobacteriaceae. Extensive structural studies of A.

Glutamate amidation, a secondary modification of the peptidoglycan, was first identified in Staphylococcus aureus. It is catalyzed by the protein products of the murT and gatD genes, which are conserved and colocalized in the genomes of most sequenced Gram-positive bacterial species. The MurT-GatD complex is required for cell viability, full resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, and resistance to human lysozyme and is recognized as an attractive target for new antimicrobials.

Oral candidiasis (OC) caused by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans is the most common opportunistic infection in immunocompromised populations. The dramatic increase in resistance to common antifungal agents has emphasized the importance of identifying alternative therapeutic options.

Author(s): Fabián Lorenzo-Diaz, Inmaculada Moreno-Córdoba, Manuel Espinosa

Author(s): Mahesh Agarwal, Tanmay Mondal, Biplab Bose

Ellagic acid reversibly and effectively inhibited tyrosinase in a mixed manner. Ellagic acid inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis in B16 cells. Hydrogen bond and electrostatic force existed between ellagic acid and tyrosinase. Abstract The activities of ellagic acid in inhibiting mushroom tyrosinase and cell proliferation were evaluated in this research. The results of enzyme kinetics indicated that ellagic acid could effectively inhibit tyrosinase activity.

The oligosaccharide Hep‐2 from cultured mycelium of Hericium erinaceus was isolated by the method of water extraction, alcohol precipitation, and column chromatography. Hep‐2 consists of galactose, and glucose with 1,080 Da molecular weight and it is an oligosaccharide mixture of 2–7 sugars by LC‐MSn and includes three types of sugar residues with no branches by methylation methods. Hep‐2 possess good antioxidant activity in vivo.

There is a significant increase in the discovery of new antimicrobial compounds in recent past to combat drug resistant pathogens. Members of the genus Bacillus and related genera have been screened extensively due to their ability to produce wide range of antimicrobial compounds. In this study, we have isolated and characterized a new antimicrobial peptide from a marine bacterium identified as Virgibacillus species.

The eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) specifically recognizes the 5′ mRNA cap, a rate-limiting step in the translation initiation process. Although the 7-methylguanosine cap (MMGcap) is the most common 5′ cap structure in eukaryotes, the trans-splicing process that occurs in several organism groups, including nematodes and flatworms, leads to the addition of a trimethylguanosine cap (TMGcap) to some RNA transcripts.

Author(s): Sandra Unsleber, Wolfgang Wohlleben, Evi Stegmann