Research Publications (Food Safety)

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The occurrence of viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) bacteria poses a potential risk to food safety due to failure in conventional colony detection. In this study, induction of VBNC Staphylococcus aureus was conducted by exposure to an atmospheric-pressure air dielectric barrier discharge-nonthermal-plasma (DBD-NTP) treatment with an applied energy of 8.1 kJ. The stress resistance profiles and pathogenicity of VBNC S. aureus were further evaluated. We found that VBNC S.

Subcutaneous vaccination of cattle for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 reduces the magnitude and duration of fecal shedding, but the often-required, repeated cattle restraint can increase costs, deterring adoption by producers. In contrast, live oral vaccines may be repeatedly administered in feed, without animal restraint. We investigated whether oral immunization with live stx-negative LEE+ E. coli O157:H7 reduced rectoanal junction (RAJ) colonization by wild-type (WT) E.

The initial steps of Salmonella pathogenesis involve adhesion to and invasion into host epithelial cells. While well-studied for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, the factors contributing to this process in other, host-adapted serovars remains unexplored. Here, we screened clinical isolates of serovars Gallinarum, Dublin, Choleraesuis, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis for adhesion to and invasion into intestinal epithelial cell lines of human, porcine, and chicken origins.

Rhizodegradation is a promising cleanup technology where microorganisms degrade soil contaminants in the rhizosphere. A symbiotic relationship is expected to occur between plant roots and soil microorganisms in contaminated soils that enhances natural microbial degradation. However, little is known about how different initial microbiotas influence the rhizodegradation outcome.

Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment normally secreted by Serratia marcescens, has received attention for its reported immunosuppressive, antimicrobial, and anticancer properties. Although several genes have been shown to be important for prodigiosin synthesis, information on the regulatory mechanisms behind this cellular process remains limited.

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Bakanae disease, caused by Fusarium fujikuroi, is an economically important seed-borne disease of rice. F. fujikuroi is horizontally transmitted to rice flowers and vertically transmitted to the next generation via seeds. The fungus induces typical symptoms such as abnormal tissue elongation and etiolation. Sanitation of seed farms and seed disinfection are the only effective means to control bakanae disease at present; however, the efficacy of these methods is often insufficient.

Despite the wide-ranging proscription of hexavalent chromium, chromium(VI) remains among the major polluting heavy metals worldwide. Aerobic methane-oxidizing bacteria are widespread environmental microorganisms that can perform diverse reactions using methane as the feedstock. The methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, like many other microorganisms, detoxifies chromium(VI) by reduction to chromium(III). Here, the interaction of chromium species with M.

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) utilize a macromolecular type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. This apparatus spans the inner and outer bacterial membranes and includes a helical needle protruding into the extracellular space. Thus far observed only in EPEC and...

Gram-negative bacteria are worrisome because they are becoming resistant to many antibiotic available options, mainly in hospital environment. Several studies have noted the presence of bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, with the presence of antibiotic-resistance genes in fresh vegetables and fruits.

We collected 682 topsoil samples (0–20cm) from agricultural lands of Luhe County in East China, and analyzed the spatial distribution patterns and potential sources of four major heavy metals. High Pb and Cr were mainly in the southeast adjacent to the Yangtze River, and Cd were characterized by an increasing trend from northwest to southeast, while high Hg mainly occurred in the areas near downtown. Spatially-continuous sources dominated the soil heavy metal concentrations.

The occurrence and variability of domoic acid (DA) levels in wild Mytilus galloprovincialis samples, compared with the Pseudo-nitzschia spp. abundance and particulate DA (pDA) concentrations in relation to the environmental changes in the Golden Horn Estuary, Turkey from October 2018 to September 2019. Biotoxin analysis were performed by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC–DAD).

Tiamulin is a semi-synthetic derivative of the natural antibiotic pleuromutilin and is widely used as a veterinary drug for swine. Herein, we report the development of a sensitive and reliable method for determining 8α-hydroxymutilin as a marker residue for tiamulin in swine tissue using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Phlogopite was activated by ball milling at a mild milling speed of 300 rpm to be directly used as heavy metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+) adsorbent.

A comprehensive and detailed monitoring scheme was applied to examine more than 1000 organic micro-pollutants (OMPs) in drainage water samples collected from a rural village with informal end-of-life vehicle processing activities in northern Vietnam. Concentrations of total OMPs ranged from 8900 to 34,100 (median 11,400) ng L−1.

There are still concerns about masseteric bulging due to a lack of knowledge about the internal architecture of the masseter muscle. Further investigations are therefore required of the most-effective botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection points and strategies for managing masseteric bulging.

In the present study, changes in the quality characteristics of the albumin and yolk parts of the eggs obtained from different poultry systems for four seasons were investigated. The highest egg weight, shell thickness, dry shell weight, shell deformation, shell fracture and vitellin membrane strength values were determined to be in cage systems with 70.92g, 0.45 mm, 9.46g, 0.79 mm, 71.80 N and 0.13 N, respectively.

The contamination of feeds and foods with mycotoxins is a serious problem worldwide. Deoxynivalenol (DON), an important mycotoxin from the trichothecene family, is abundant in animal feed. Mycotoxin binders such as Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) detoxify mycotoxins by adsorption and inactivate the toxins through the formation of mycotoxin‐organic adsorbent complex or act as biomarkers to convert the toxins into less toxic products.