Research Publications (Food Safety)

by A. Q. M. Robiul Kawser, M. Nazmul Hoque, M. Shaminur Rahman, Tahsin Islam Sakif, Tracey J. Coffey, Tofazzal Islam

Microviridae is a family of phages with circular ssDNA genomes and they are widely found in various environments and organisms. In this study, virome techniques were employed to explore potential members of Microviridae in a poultry slaughterhouse, leading to the identification of 98 novel and complete microvirus genomes.

Abstract

Main conclusion

This review highlights the roles of phloem in the long-distance transport and accumulation of As in rice plants, facilitating the formulation of new strategies to reduce the grain As content.

Accurate detection, identification, and subsequent confirmation of pathogens causing foodborne illness are essential for the prevention and investigation of foodborne outbreaks. This is particularly true when the causative agent is an enteric virus that has a very low infectious dose and is likely to be present at or near the limit of detection.

Abstract

Background and aims

Cadmium (Cd) pollution in rice is a health hazard. to humans. Amendments often decreases soil Cd bioavailability and Cd accumulation in rice plants. However, a complete and quantitative understanding of the effects of soil amendment on soil properties, Cd availability, rice yield, and Cd accumulation in rice is lacking.

Abstract Aims Contact with backyard poultry (i.e., privately‐owned, non‐commercial poultry) was first associated with a multistate outbreak of salmonellosis in 1955. In recent years, backyard poultry‐associated salmonellosis outbreaks have caused more illnesses in the United States than salmonellosis outbreaks linked to any other type of animal. Here, we describe the epidemiology of outbreaks from 2015–2022 to inform prevention efforts.

Marine photosynthetic (micro)organisms drive multiple biogeochemical cycles and display a large diversity. Among them, the bloom-forming, free-living dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum CCMP 1329 (formerly P. minimum) stands out with its distinct cell biological features. Here, we obtained insights into the structural properties of the chloroplast and the photosynthetic machinery of P. cordatum using microscopic and proteogenomic approaches.

The biochar was derived from four feedstocks: buckwheat straw, rice straw, mustard stover, and soybean stover. The results showed that, with increase in biochar application rate the soil temperature increased significantly in both 0–15 and 15–30 cm soil depth. The soil temperature decreased with increase in soil depth after different feedstock derived biochar application.

The marine dinoflagellate Alexandrium is known to form harmful algal blooms (HABs) and produces saxitoxin (STX) and its derivatives (STXs) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans. Cell growth and cellular metabolism are affected by environmental conditions, including nutrients, temperature, light, and the salinity of aquatic systems.

Bacitracin Methylene Disalicylate (BMD), as a feed additive to poultry diets, enhances digestion, prevents Salmonella enteritidis (SE) colonization, and treats current infections. The objective of this study was to utilize a quantitative proteomic approach to determine the effect of BMD feed additive on broiler chickens challenged with SE in the spleen proteome.

Abstract The global shrimp market holds substantial prominence within the food industry, registering a significant USD 24.7 billion in worldwide exportation in 2020. However, the production of a safe and high‐quality product requires consideration of various factors, including the potential for allergenic reactions, occurrences of foodborne outbreaks, and risks of spoilage.

Microbiology Resource Announcements, Ahead of Print. Salmonella enterica is the etiological agent responsible for salmonellosis. Here, we report the draft whole genome sequences of 13 S. enterica subsp. enterica isolates from chickens and cows, as well as from previous Canadian Salmonella outbreaks investigated by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency.
 

Enterococcus cecorum is associated with bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO) in broilers. Prophylactic treatment with antimicrobials is common in the poultry industry, and, in the case of outbreaks, antimicrobial treatment is needed. In this study, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and epidemiological cutoff (ECOFF) values (COWT) for ten antimicrobials were determined in a collection of E. cecorum strains.

Abstract Background Biochar can enhance phytoremediation in petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils, making it an intriguing soil amendment option for remediating polluted soil. Biochar can improve the fertility of depleted soils through a range of mechanisms. This study can contribute valuable insights into the origin of biochar and enhance our understanding of the efficacy of different biochar types in remediating petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soils.

by Nutthapon Sangklai, Premruethai Supungul, Pattana Jaroenlak, Anchalee Tassanakajon The microsporidian Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a fungi-related, spore-forming parasite. EHP infection causes growth retardation and size variation in shrimp, resulting in severe economic losses. Studies on shrimp immune response have shown that several antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) were upregulated upon EHP infection.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recognized in hospitals, community and livestock animals and the epidemiology of MRSA is undergoing a major evolution among humans and animals in the last decade. This study investigated the prevalence of MRSA isolates from ground pork, retail whole chicken, and patient samples in Hanzhong, China.

A systematic review of the use of Web 3.0 and Ai technologies in the meat supply chain. Summary Web 3.0 and artificial intelligence (AI) have presented unprecedent impact on the food sector. However, there is no clear scientific description yet related to their influences on food safety, quality and traceability across the meat supply chain.

From a public health point of view, antimicrobial residues pose various problems, including potential risks for consumers. The use of some of these antibiotics may affect the form and quality of animal products or affect the quality or output of food processing. Consequently, there is a pressing need for further investigation into the effects of antibiotics on animal products.

The poultry industry faces significant challenges in controlling Salmonella contamination while reducing antibiotic use, particularly with the emergence of Salmonella Heidelberg (SH) strains posing risks to food safety and public health.

DON and ZEN residues in the blood and urine of dairy cows can be used to predict the outer exposure to DON and ZEN expressed per kilogram diet for a risk evaluation based on comparisons to critical dietary concentrations. This method was used to evaluate the exposure of dairy cows from 12 farms located in Brandenburg, Germany, fed rations with unknown DON and ZEN concentrations (N = 244).