Research Publications (Food Safety)

Fusarium armeniacum has been found as a saprophyte on natural grasses devoted to cattle feed in Argentina. This species has been reported as highly toxigenic due to the production of trichothecenes type A, but the information available about its toxigenic profile is incomplete. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine the toxigenic ability of 50 F. armeniacum isolates recovered from natural grasses using a multitoxin method based on LC-MS/MS.

Aflatoxins are a class of mycotoxins that impair poultry health and performance. Some clays have the ability to adsorb aflatoxins. In our study, mineralogical composition of the tested clays was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and simultaneous thermal analysis and their properties like pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable cations, cation exchange capacity and clay content were determined.

The aim of present study was to reveal the toxicokinetic properties and absolute oral bioavailability of deoxynivalenol (DON) in turkey poults. Six turkey poults were administered this Fusarium mycotoxin per os and intravenously in a two-way cross-over design. Based on non-compartmental analysis, DON was absorbed rapidly (Tmax= 0.57 h) but incomplete, as the oral bioavailability was only 20.9%.

Direct analysis in real time (DART) ionisation coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) was used for the rapid quantitative analysis of T-2 toxin (T-2) and the related HT-2 toxin (HT-2), extracted from maize. Sample preparation procedures and instrument parameters were optimised to obtain sensitive and accurate determination of the toxins. The lowest calibration levels were 50 μg/kg for T-2 and 300 μg/kg for HT-2.

Neha Rajpara, Braj Mohan Ram Narayan Singh Kutar, Ritam Sinha, Dhrubajyoti Nag, Hemanta Koley, Thandavarayan Ramamurthy and Ashima Kushwaha Bhardwaj The isolates of Vibrio cholerae and Providencia vermicola obtained from a diarrheal patient were investigated for genetic elements governing their drug resistance phenotypes. Out of 14 antibiotics tested, V. cholerae Vc IDH02365 isolate showed resistance to nine antibiotics, while P.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a process of cell-to-cell communication that enables bacteria to transition between individual and collective lifestyles. QS controls virulence and biofilm formation in Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of cholera disease. Differential RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of wild-type V. cholerae and a locked low-cell-density QS-mutant strain identified 7,240...

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Conrado Carrascosa , Rafael Millán , Jose Raduán Jaber , Pablo Lupiola , Cristóbal del Rosario-Quintana , Cristina Mauricio , Esther Sanjuán

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Joris Van Loco , Stefanie Vandevijvere , Oya Cimenci , Christine Vinkx , Séverine Goscinny

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Filomena Silva , Cristina Nerín , Fernanda C. Domingues

Giardia intestinalis is a pathogen associated with foodborne outbreaks and Escherichia coli is commonly used as a marker of faecal contamination. Implementation of routine identification methods of G. intestinalis is difficult for the analysis of vegetables and the microbiological detection of E. coli requires several days. This study proposes a PCR-based assay for the detection of E. coli and G. intestinalis cysts using crude DNA isolated from artificially-contaminated lettuce. The G.

Five enterococcal strains (Enterococcus faecalis LS15, PF03, BF10 and SL13 and Enterococcus faecium MM08) were isolated and identified from 130 probiotic products marketed in China. The determined biological characteristics were acid tolerance, bile tolerance, pepsin tolerance, trypsin tolerance, organic acid production and antimicrobial activity. Safety examination of potential virulence factors and antibiotic resistance were also performed.

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) based on lmo0460 sequence in genome of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) was designed for detection of L. monocytogenes, which is an important foodborne kind of pathogenic bacteria causing human and animal disease. The primers set for lmo0460 sequence encoding membrane-associated lipoprotein consist of four specific primers targeting six regions on specific fragment.

The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial characteristics and mechanisms of nutmeg oil. In this paper, 54 chemical compositions of nutmeg oil were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The major volatile components of nutmeg oil were sabinene (39.12%) and alpha-pinene (11.96%).

Hongxia Wang, Julio C. Ayala, Jorge A. Benitez, Anisia J. Silva

Publication date: 15 July 2015
, Volume 179
Author(s): H. Okyere , R.B. Voegborlo , S.E. Agorku

Publication date: 15 July 2015
, Volume 179
Author(s): Qiao-Juan Yan , Lin-Hua Huang , Qian Sun , Zheng-Qiang Jiang , Xia Wu

This paper summarizes the development of principles and methods applied within the program of the FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius during the past 50 years for the safety assessment of pesticide residues in food and feed and establishing maximum residue limits (MRLs) to promote free international trade and assure the safety of consumers.

Both deoxynivalenol (DON) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) are common contaminants of feed. Fumonisins (FBs) in general have a very limited oral bioavailability in healthy animals. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic exposure to DON impairs the intestinal barrier function and integrity, by affecting the intestinal surface area and function of the tight junctions. This might influence the oral bioavailability of FB1, and possibly lead to altered toxicity of this mycotoxin.

Contamination of crops used for food and feed production with Fusarium mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON), raise important health and economic issues all along the food chain. Acute exposure to high DON concentrations can alter the intestinal barrier, while chronic exposure to lower doses may exert more subtle effects on signal transduction pathways, leading to disturbances in cellular homeostasis.

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Ksenija Markov , Branka Mihaljević , Ana-Marija Domijan , Jelka Pleadin , Frane Delaš , Jadranka Frece

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares , José F. Huertas-Pérez , Ana M. García-Campaña , Laura Gámiz-Gracia

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): C. Chatelard-Chauvin , F. Pelissier , S. Hulin , M.C. Montel

Publication date: August 2015
, Volume 54
Author(s): Saet-Byul Park , Hae-Yeong Kim , Jae-Hwan Kim

Publication date: 4 May 2015
, Volume 200
Author(s): Perng-Kuang Chang , Leslie L. Scharfenstein , Cesar D. Solorzano , Hamed K. Abbas , Sui-Sheng T. Hua , Walker A. Jones , Robert M. Zablotowicz

The feasibility of prediction of cadmium (Cd) content in brown rice was investigated by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) and chemometrics techniques. Spectral pretreatment methods were discussed in detail. Synergy interval partial least squares (siPLS) algorithm was used to select the efficient combinations of spectral subintervals and wavenumbers during constructing the quantitative calibration model.