Research Publications (Food Safety)

Efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy has declined due to rapid rises in antibiotic resistance. We investigated how increased temperature affected H. pylori (NCTC 11637) growth and its sensitivity to metronidazole in vitro. We performed transcriptomic profiling using RNA-sequencing to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with increased temperature.

Xanthomonas translucens is the etiological agent of the wheat bacterial leaf streak (BLS) disease. The isolation of this pathogen is usually based on the Wilbrink’s-boric acid–cephalexin semi-selective medium which eliminates 90% of other bacteria, some of which might be novel species. In our study, a general purpose nutrient agar was used to isolate 49 bacterial strains including X. translucens from necrotic wheat leaf tissues.

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are metabolites synthesized and excreted by a variety of microorganisms, including lactic acid bacteria (LAB).

Humans live in symbiosis with a diverse community of microorganisms, which has evolved to carry out many specific tasks that benefit the host, including protection against invading pathogens. Within the chemical diversity of the gastrointestinal tract, small molecules likely constitute chemical cues for the communication between the microbiota and pathogens.

Human noroviruses are the dominant causative agent of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. During the winter of 2014–2015, genotype GII.17 cluster IIIb strains emerged as the leading cause of norovirus infection in Asia and later spread to other parts of the world. It is speculated that mutation at blockade epitopes may have resulted in virus escape from herd immunity, leading to the emergence of GII.17 cluster IIIb variants.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

Escherichia coli is the most commonly identified human pathogen and a prominent microorganism of the gut microbiota. Acquired resistance to antibiotics in this species is driven mainly by horizontal gene transfer and plasmid acquisition. Currently, the main concern is the acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamases of the CTX-M type in E. coli, a worldwide-observed phenomenon. Plasmids encoding CTX-M enzymes have different scaffolds and conjugate at different frequencies.

Leishmaniasis and Chagas are among the most significant neglected tropical diseases. Due to several drawbacks with the current chemotherapy, developing new antikinetoplastid drugs has become an urgent issue.

Xpert MTB/RIF rapidly detects resistance to rifampicin (RR); however, this test misses I491F-RR conferring rpoB mutation, common in southern Africa. In addition, Xpert MTB/RIF does not distinguish between viable and dead Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). We aimed to investigate the ability of thin-layer agar (TLA) direct drug-susceptibility testing (DST) to detect MTB and its drug-resistance profiles in field conditions in Eswatini.

The worldwide distribution of qnr genes found on plasmids and their presence on the chromosomes of aquatic bacteria, such as Vibrio vulnificus, one of the suspected sources, suggests an origin before the development of synthetic quinolones. However, their native function remains unknown. Previous work indicated that expression of qnrVv in V. vulnificus was induced by cold shock.

OXA-48-type β-lactamases are now routinely encountered in bacterial infections caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales. These enzymes are of high and growing clinical significance due to the importance of carbapenems in treatment of health care-associated infections by Gram-negative bacteria, the wide and increasing dissemination of OXA-48 enzymes on plasmids, and the challenges posed by their detection.

Salmonella enterica can exist in food animals as multiserovar populations, and different serovars can harbor diverse antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles. Conventional Salmonella isolation assesses AMR only in the most abundant members of a multiserovar population, which typically reflects their relative abundance in the initial sample. Therefore, AMR in underlying serovars is an undetected reservoir that can readily be expanded upon antimicrobial use.

The intestinal protozoan Cryptosporidium is a leading cause of diarrheal disease and mortality in young children. There is currently no fully effective treatment for cryptosporidiosis, which has stimulated interest in anticryptosporidial development over the last ~10 years, with numerous lead compounds identified, including several tRNA synthetase inhibitors.

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) persistence in tissue reservoirs is a major barrier to HIV cure. While antiretrovirals (ARVs) suppress viral replication, antiretroviral therapy (ART) interruption results in rapid rebound viremia that may originate from lymphoid tissues.

A 57-year-old man with a medical history notable for hypertension presented with 10 days of blue skin discoloration on the bilateral arms and trunk. The discoloration was asymptomatic without any associated pain or itch. His medications included hydrochlorothiazide, olmesartan, and amlodipine with no new medications or exposures. A review of systems was unremarkable.

by Sang Ho Park, Haley Siddiqi, Daniela V. Castro, Anna A. De Angelis, Aaron L. Oom, Charlotte A. Stoneham, Mary K. Lewinski, Alex E. Clark, Ben A. Croker, Aaron F. Carlin, John Guatelli, Stanley J. Opella

by Kiran A. Faryar, Rachel M. Ancona, Zachary Reau, Sheryl B. Lyss, Robert S. Braun, Todd Rademaker, Ryane K. Sickles, Michael S. Lyons

Objective

by Eui-Jin Kim, Oh Hoon Kwon, Shin Hyoung Park, Dong-Kyu Kim, Koohong Chung

Aims

Sinusoidal dilatation and congestion (SDC) in liver biopsy may be obstructive (due to venous outflow impairment) or non-obstructive in nature. The significance of this finding in the post-liver transplant setting remains unexplored.

Methods

We herein retrospectively analysed all post-transplant liver biopsies showing SDC and examined histopathological features in detail. Association with transaminitis and concurrent graft rejection was assessed.

Author(s): Iqbal Nisa, Muhammad Qasim, Arnold Driessen, Jeroen Nijland, Fazal Adnan, Malik Nawaz Shuja, Hazir Rahman

Author(s): Jan Sácký, Jiří Černý, Jiří Šantrůček, Jan Borovička, Tereza Leonhardt, Pavel Kotrba

Author(s): Danae Strantzali, Dimitra Kostoglou, Aikaterini Perikleous, Michael Zestas, Stavroula Ornithopoulou, Florence Dubois-Brissonnet, Efstathios Giaouris

Author(s): N. Piira, M. Kosola, C. Hellsten, A. Fagerlund, J. Lundén

Author(s): Micaela Álvarez, Josué Delgado, Félix Núñez, Eva Cebrián, María J. Andrade