Research Publications (Food Safety)

Journal of Fish Diseases, EarlyView. Tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a multifunctional cytokine involved in immune system homeostasis, antimicrobial defence, regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and differentiation. Although the pro‐inflammatory property of TNF‐α has been made new progress, detailed research on host defence against bacterial infection and inducing apoptosis remains to be revealed in early vertebrates.

Introduction:Very little artificial intelligence (AI) work has been performed to investigate acetaminophen-associated hepatotoxicity. The objective of this study was to develop an AI algorithm for analyzing weighted features for toxic hepatitis after acetaminophen poisoning.Methods:The medical records of 187 patients with acetaminophen poisoning treated at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were reviewed. Patients were sorted into two groups according to their status of toxic hepatitis.

Roof-harvested rainwater (RHRW) was investigated for the presence of the human pathogenic bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), Yersinia spp. and Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes). While Yersinia spp. were detected in 92% (n = 25) of the RHRW samples, and L. monocytogenes and M. tuberculosis were detected in 100% (n = 25) of the samples, a significantly higher mean concentration (1.4 × 103 cells/100 mL) was recorded for L. monocytogenes over the sampling period.

To colonize in the digestive tract of animals and humans, Yersinia pseudotuberculosis has to deal with reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by host cells and microbiota. However, an understanding of the ROS-scavenging systems and their regulation in this bacterium remains largely elusive. In this study, we identified OxyR as the master transcriptional regulator mediating cellular responses to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Y. pseudotuberculosis through genomics and transcriptomics analyses.

by Winnie W. Hui, Lisa E. Emerson, Beata Clapp, Austin E. Sheppe, Jatin Sharma, Johanna del Castillo, Mark Ou, Gustavo H. B. Maegawa, Carol Hoffman, Joseph Larkin, III, David W. Pascual, Mariola J. Edelmann

by Pavarist Bussabong, Tirawat Rairat, Niti Chuchird, Arunothai Keetanon, Putsucha Phansawat, Kanokwan Cherdkeattipol, Phongchate Pichitkul, Waraporn Kraitavin

by The PLOS ONE Staff

S. Ramachandran et al.

Author(s): Robab Katani, Indira T. Kudva, Sreenidhi Srinivasan, Judith B. Stasko, Megan Schilling, Lingling Li, Rebecca Cote, Chitrita DebRoy, Terrance M. Arthur, Evgeni V. Sokurenko, Vivek Kapur

Author(s): Wentao Su, Duo Liang, Mingqian Tan

Author(s): Javier Ávila-Román, Jorge R. Soliz-Rueda, Francisca Isabel Bravo, Gerard Aragonès, Manuel Suárez, Anna Arola-Arnal, Miquel Mulero, Maria-Josepa Salvadó, Lluís Arola, Cristina Torres-Fuentes, Begoña Muguerza

Author(s): Hongxia Tan, Hongyuan Zhou, Ting Guo, Yuhao Zhang, Jiaxin Li, Chi Zhang, Liang Ma

Author(s): Christina I. Kosma, Ourania L. Koloka, Triantafyllos A. Albanis, Ioannis K. Konstantinou

Author(s): Shiqi Li, Xiaoying Zhong, Yanan Xu, Yunquan Zheng, Xianai Shi, Feng Li, Shaobin Guo, Jianmin Yang

Edible insects are a novel food in most countries; their popularity is growing because of their high protein/low fat content, ease of cultivation, and small environmental impact. To our knowledge, this is the first report that addresses both microbiological and chemical hazards in edible insects. Samples were collected from retail stores or purchase through e-commerce. A total of 51 samples of dried whole insects or insect powders were tested for generic Escherichia coli ( E.

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the presence, seasonal distribution and biomolecular characterization of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in samples of bivalve molluscs ( Mytilus galloprovincialis, Crassostrea gigas, Ruditapes decussatus, Venus verrucosa and Solen vagina ) and gastropod molluscs (Murex brandaris) harvested and marketed in Sardinia (Italy) between 2017 and 2018. A total of 444 samples were submitted to qualitative determination of Vibrio spp., V.

This study isolated Bacillus cereus from soft soybean curds and developed a dynamic model to describe the kinetic behavior of B. cereus isolates during transfer and storage. B. cereus were first isolated from soft soybean curds. A mixture of B. cereus isolates was then inoculated in soft soybean curd and the bacterial cell counts were enumerated during storage at 10-30°C. The B.

Essential foods of a daily meal have been reported to comprise of numerous kinds of biogenic amines (BAs) at different levels. BAs have a variety of toxicological impacts on human health, and they have been connected to multiple outbreaks of foodborne disease. They also are known to cause cancer based on their ability to react with nitrite salts resulting in the production of a carcinogenic organic compound (i.e. nitrosamines).

Abstract

Main conclusion

Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana and Populus alba plants overexpressing the zinc transporter ScZRC1 in shoots exhibit Zn tolerance. Increased Zn concentrations were observed in shoots of P. alba, a species suitable for phytoremediation.

Fungi are eukaryotic organisms that have the ability to synthesize an enormous number of metabolites with a vast diversity of chemical structures and bioactivities. Chaetomiaceae species are a wealthy source of enzymes with diverse biotechnological and industrial applications such as PMO (polysaccharide monooxygenase), L-methioninase, β-1,3-glucanase, laccase, dextranase, lipolytic, pectinolytic, amylolytic, chitinolytic, and proteolytic enzymes.

Abstract

Main conclusion

We discovered and identified a series of characteristic substances, including one new polyketide, epicorepoxydon B, of the important pathogenic fungus, Epicoccum sorghinum, of sorghum. The fungal extract and some isolated polyketides are sensitive to a malignant triple-negative breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231.

The transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance genes is an emerging problem involving multiple factors (humans, domestic animals, wildlife). The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of Escherichia coli isolates with different antimicrobial resistance genes from backyard poultry and to demonstrate the in vitro transduction phenomenon of these genes between phages from migratory wild birds and poultry E. coli isolates.

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites of filamentous fungi that contaminate food products such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, beverages, and other agricultural commodities. Their occurrence in the food chain, especially in beverages, can pose a serious risk to human health, due to their toxicity, even at low concentrations.

Recent studies have implied that environmental toxins, such as mycotoxins, are risk factors for neurodegenerative diseases. To act directly as neurotoxins, mycotoxins need to penetrate or affect the integrity of the blood-brain barrier, which protects the mammalian brain from potentially harmful substances. As common food and feed contaminants of fungal origin, the interest in the potential neurotoxicity of ochratoxin A, citrinin and their metabolites has recently increased.

The extensive use of antibiotics leads to antibiotic residues in frequently consumed foods. Generally, the main use of antibiotics in animals is to treat and prevent diseases and growth promotion. However, the residues and their breakdown products have several side effects on the human body and, in a broader sense, on the environment.