Research Publications (Food Safety)

Abstract

Among Pseudo-nitzschia species, some produce the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA), a source of serious health problems for marine organisms. Filter-feeding organisms—e.g., bivalves feeding on toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia spp.—are the main vector of DA in humans. However, little is known about the interactions between bivalves and Pseudo-nitzschia.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria has become a major global health problem. One of the main reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes is the human gut microbiota. To characterise these genes, a metagenomic approach was used. In this study, a comprehensive antibiotic resistome catalog was established using fecal samples from 246 healthy individuals from world’s longevity township in Jiaoling, China. In total, 606 antibiotic resistance genes were detected.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases, Accepted Article. Since 2004, a novel bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), distinct from the conventional ‘classical BSE’ (C-BSE), has been reported as an atypical BSE. Atypical BSE is detected mostly in aged cattle, and it is suggested that atypical BSE may occur spontaneously.

Journal of Food Safety, EarlyView. Abstract

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Volume 65, Issue 16, August 2021.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, EarlyView. Abstract

BackgroundIntoxication with cadmium (Cd) ions leads to hippocampal damage and cognitive impairment.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in selected shrimp aquaculture farms (n = 37) in Kerala, South India and to characterize the isolates using molecular tools. Overall, a low prevalence of ESBL-producers was found in the farms, most likely due to the reduced antibiotic usage in the shrimp farming sector.

Necrotic enteritis (NE), an economically devastating disease of poultry caused by pathogenic Clostridium perfringens, is known to induce small intestinal lesions and dysbiosis. However, the intestinal microbes that are associated with NE severity are yet to be characterized. Here, we investigated the link between the ileal microbiota and disease severity in a chicken model of clinical NE using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Accumulated evidence shows that complex microbial communities resides in the healthy human urinary tract and can change in urological disorders. However, there lacks a comprehensive profiling of the genitourinary microbiota in healthy cohort. Here, we performed 16S rRNA gene sequencing of midstream urine specimens from 1,172 middle-aged and elderly healthy individuals.

Microorganisms play a fundamental role in biogeochemical cycling and are highly sensitive to environmental factors, including the physiochemical properties of the soils and the concentrations of heavy metals/metalloids. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to study the microbial communities of farmland soils in farmland in the vicinity of a lead–zinc smelter.

Salmonella Typhimurium carrying the multidrug resistance (MDR) plasmid pMG101 was isolated from three burns patients in Boston United States in 1973. pMG101 was transferrable into other Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli hosts and carried what was a novel and unusual combination of AMR genes and silver resistance.

Listeria monocytogenes are Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming bacteria that easily adapt to changing environmental conditions. The ability to grow at a wide range of temperatures, pH, and salinity determines the presence of the pathogen in water, sewage, soil, decaying vegetation, and animal feed. L. monocytogenes is an etiological factor of listeriosis, especially dangerous for the elderly, pregnant women, and newborns. The major source of L.

Soil treatment with disinfectants has been used for controlling soilborne phytopathogens. Besides suppressing specific pathogens, how these disinfectants impact soil health, especially soil microbial communities, is yet to be systemically determined.

Objective

This study aims to analyze the molecular epidemiology, resistance, and pathogenicity of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae isolated from children.

Methods

Whole genome sequencing was carried out, and molecular serotypes, sequence types, resistance genes, and virulence genes of S. enterica subsp. diarizonae isolates were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was determined by commercialized microdilution method.

Results

The study investigated the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants in Vibrio species recovered from different freshwater sheds in rustic milieu. A total of 118 Vibrio isolates comprising Vibrio fluvialis (n=41), Vibrio mimicus (n=40) and V. vulnificus (n=37) was identified by amplification of ToxR, vmh and hsp60 genes. The amplification of virulence genes indicated that V.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a WHO priority pathogen and vaccine target which causes infections in low-income and middle-income countries, travelers visiting endemic regions. The global urgent demand for an effective preventive intervention has become more pressing as ETEC strains have become increasingly multiple antibiotic resistant. However, the vaccine development pipeline has been slow to address this urgent need.

by Andrea Anaya-Sanchez, Ying Feng, John C. Berude, Daniel A. Portnoy

Author(s): Ghedeir M. Alshammari, Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani, Mohammad A. Alshuniaber, Abu ElGasim A. Yagoub, Abdullrahman S. Al-Khalifah, Laila Naif Al-Harbi, Maha H. Alhussain, Sahar Abdulaziz AlSedairy, Mohammed Abdo Yahya

Author(s): Samuel J. Bloomfield, Jackie Benschop, Anne C. Midwinter, Patrick J. Biggs, Jonathan C. Marshall, David T.S. Hayman, Philip E. Carter, Marian Price-Carter, Leah Toombs-Ruane, Holly Gray, Sara Burgess, Nigel P. French

Author(s): Prangthip Parichanon, Apsorn Sattayakhom, Nirundorn Matan, Narumol Matan

Author(s): Vasagee Elencovan, Julia Joseph, Noorfatimah Yahaya, Nozlena Abdul Samad, Muggundha Raoov, Vuanghao Lim, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain

Author(s): Lujia Zhang, Li Dong, Liuqing Yang, Yinghua Luo, Fang Chen

Author(s): Yujie Yao, Xia Zhao, Shufang Zheng, Shengchen Wang, Honggui Liu, Shiwen Xu