Research Publications (Food Safety)

Resistance to the last-line antibiotics against invasive Gram-negative bacterial infection is a rising concern in public health. Multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter baumannii Aci46 can resist colistin and carbapenems with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 512 µg/mL as determined by microdilution method and shows no zone of inhibition by disk diffusion method. These phenotypic characteristics prompted us to further investigate the genotypic characteristics of Aci46.

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, EarlyView. Abstract

Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, Accepted Article. Abstract
Background
Until now, there is no method available for analysis of pesticide residues in complex matrices like spices. Therefore it is urgent need to develop and validate a QuEChERS based method for estimation of 104 pesticides in cumin seed.

The process of soybean fermentation has been practiced for more than 3,000 years. Although Dajiang and Sufu are two popular fermented soybean products consumed in North China, limited information is available regarding their microbial composition. Hence, the current study sought to investigate, and compare, the physicochemical indicators and microbial communities of traditional Dajiang and Sufu.

Recent studies have suggested the existence of a blood microbiome in the healthy host. However, changes in the blood microbiome upon bloodstream infection are not known. Here, we analyzed the dynamics of the blood microbiome in a porcine model of polymicrobial bacteremia induced by fecal peritonitis. Surprisingly, we detected bacterial populations in the bloodstream even before the infection, and these populations were maintained over time.

Author(s): Ioannis S. Boziaris, Foteini F. Parlapani, Christina A. Mireles DeWitt

Author(s): Min-Jeong Kim, Joo-Sung Kim

Author(s): Lydia Katsini, Satyajeet Bhonsale, Simen Akkermans, Styliani Roufou, Sholeem Griffin, Vasilis Valdramidis, Ourania Misiou, Konstantinos Koutsoumanis, Carlos Andre Munoz Lopez, Monika Polanska, Jan Van Impe Abstract Background: Food systems are both affecting and being affected by climate change.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the nitrogen-containing analogues (N-PAHs) and lead 210 (210Pb) were measured in 2-cm interval core segments from Bodo Creek to evaluate impact of oil pollution in the waterbody. PAHs and N-PAHs were measured by gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry detection, and 210Pb activity concentration was determined by alpha spectrometry measurement.

Nemertea is a phylum of marine worms whose members bear various toxins, including tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its analogues. Despite the more than 30 years of studying TTXs in nemerteans, many questions regarding their functions and the mechanisms ensuring their accumulation and usage remain unclear.

The differences in analgesic effects of botulinum toxin type A were compared in 28 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 53 patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders, and 89 patients with the jaw closing oromandibular dystonia. The patients were treated by injection of botulinum toxin type A into the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and other muscles based on the symptoms of each patient.

The main objective of this study was to characterize the tet(X) genes, which encode a monooxygenase that catalyzes the degradation of tetracycline antibiotics, carried by the resistant strains FP105 and FP233-J200, using whole-genome sequencing analysis. The isolates were recovered from fin lesion and kidney samples of diseased rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, during two Flavobacteriosis outbreaks occurring in freshwater farms located in Southern Chile.

Abstract
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Aspergillus species cause aflatoxin contamination in groundnut kernels, being a health threat in agricultural products and leading to commodity rejection by domestic and international markets. Presence of Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus colonizing groundnut in eastern Ethiopia, as well as presence of aflatoxins have been reported, though in this region, no genetic studies have been done of these species in relation to their aflatoxin production.

Author(s): Anuj Rohatgi, Pratima Gupta

Author(s): Ruying Liu, Qiang He, Yue Wu, Jinqiu Wang, Jie Fu

Author(s): Ju Meng, Qin Yang, Weiyang Wan, Qiujin Zhu, Xuefeng Zeng

Author(s): Elize Aparecida Santos Musachio, Shanda de Freitas Couto, Marcia Rósula Poetini, Vandreza Cardoso Bortolotto, Mustafa Munir Mustafa Dahleh, Dieniffer Espinosa Janner, Stífani Machado Araujo, Bruna Piaia Ramborger, Rafael Rohers, Gustavo Petri Guerra, Marina Prigol

Author(s): Mary Rao, Anna Laidlaw, Leo Li, Kristian Young, Sandeep Tamber

Author(s): S.C.L. Santos, M.M.S. Saraiva, A.L.B. Moreira Filho, N.M.V. Silva, C.M.G. De Leon, L.A.F. Pascoal, P.E.N. Givisiez, W.A. Gebreyes, C.J.B. Oliveira Abstract Methicillin resistance mediated by the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus, also known as “true MRSA”, is typically associated with high oxacillin MIC values (≥8 mg/L). Because non-mecA-mediated oxacillin resistant S.

Serratia marcescens is a prolific producer of the red, membrane-associated pigment prodigiosin. Earlier work has established both a positive role for prodigiosin in ATP production during the population lag phase and a negative role during high-rate, low cell density growth. This study uses the growth rate and growth phase modulation afforded by chemostat culture to extend prodigiosin functional analysis to the high-density and stationary phases.

Ligninolytic enzymes, including laccase, manganese peroxidase, and dye-decolorizing peroxidase (DyP), have attracted much attention in the degradation of mycotoxins. Among these enzymes, the possible degradation pathway of mycotoxins catalyzed by DyP is not yet clear. Herein, a DyP-encoding gene, StDyP, from Streptomyces thermocarboxydus 41291 was identified, cloned, and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21/pG-Tf2.

The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) from poultry, the poultry farm environment, and workers in Korea. A total of 1376 non-duplicate samples were collected from 21 poultry farms, 20 retail stores, 6 slaughterhouses, and 111 workers in a nationwide study in Korea from January 2019 to August 2019.

Current research suggests that cadmium (Cd) exposure may be associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy; however, the details of this relationship are insufficiently understood. The present study investigated the effects of elevated glucose on Cd-induced toxicity to glomerular cells using in vitro and in vivo models, and it demonstrated that Cd exposure and the hyperglycemia of diabetes acting together increased the risk of developing glomerular nephrosis.

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